{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:44:10Z","timestamp":1784162650751,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689120000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["214374\/Z\/18\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["214374\/Z\/18\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["221924\/Z\/20\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["221924\/Z\/20\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.1910\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> is a significant threat to global health with an estimated incidence of over 80\u2009million cases each year and high levels of antimicrobial resistance. The gonococcal \u03b2-lactamase plasmid, p<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>, carries the TEM \u03b2-lactamase, which requires only one or two amino acid changes to become an extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL); this would render last resort treatments for gonorrhoea ineffective. Although p<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic> is not mobile, it can be transferred by the conjugative plasmid, pConj, found in <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.1910\" xlink:type=\"simple\">N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic>. Seven variants of p<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic> have been described previously, but little is known about their frequency or distribution in the gonococcal population. We characterised sequences of p<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic> variants and devised a typing scheme, Ng_p<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>ST that allows their identification from whole genome short-read sequences. We implemented Ng_p<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>ST to assess the distribution of p<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic> variants in 15\u2009532 gonococcal isolates. This demonstrated that only three p<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic> variants commonly circulate in gonococci, which together account for &gt;99\u200a% of sequences. The p<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic> variants carry different TEM alleles and are prevalent in distinct gonococcal lineages. Analysis of 2758 p<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>-containing isolates revealed the co-occurrence of p<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic> with certain pConj types, indicating co-operativity between p<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic> and pConj variants in the spread of plasmid-mediated AMR in <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.1910\" xlink:type=\"simple\">N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic>. Understanding the variation and distribution of p<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic> is essential for monitoring and predicting the spread of plasmid-mediated \u03b2-lactam resistance in <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.1910\" xlink:type=\"simple\">N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.001057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T16:17:15Z","timestamp":1689178635000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["There are three major Neisseria gonorrhoeae \u03b2-lactamase plasmid variants which are associated with specific lineages and carry distinct TEM alleles"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Tabea A.","family":"Elsener","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir William Dunn School of Pathology University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith A.","family":"Jolley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduard","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa, and KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilfi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin C. 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