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This pond, known as Archaean Domes (AD) because of its elastic microbial mats that form dome-shaped structures due to the production of reducing gases reminiscent of the Archaean eon, such as methane and hydrogen sulfide, harbour a highly diverse microbial community, rich in halophilic and methanogenic archaea. AD is a seasonally fluctuating hypersaline site, with salinity ranging from low hypersaline (5.3%) during the wet season to high hypersaline (saturation) during the dry season. To characterize the viral community and to test whether it resembles those of other hypersaline sites (whose diversity is conditioned by salinity), or if it is similar to other CCB sites (with which it shares a common geological history), we generated 12 metagenomes from different seasons and depths over a 4\u2009year period and compared them to 35 metagenomes from varied environments. Haloarchaeaviruses were detected, but were never dominant (average of 15.37\u200a% of the total viral species), and the viral community structure and diversity were not affected by environmental fluctuations. In fact, unlike other viral communities at hypersaline sites, AD remained more diverse than other environments regardless of season. \u03b2-Diversity analyses show that AD is closely related to other CCB sites, although it has a unique viral community that forms a cluster of its own. The similarity of two surface samples to the 30 and 50\u2009cm depth samples, as well as the observed increase in diversity at greater depths, supports the hypothesis that the diversity of CCB has evolved as a result of a long time environmental stability of a deep aquifer that functions as a \u2018seed bank\u2019 of great microbial diversity that is transported to the surface by sporadic groundwater upwelling events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.001063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T15:17:42Z","timestamp":1689607062000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Metagenomic comparisons reveal a highly diverse and unique viral community in a seasonally fluctuating hypersaline microbial mat"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4920-8737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro Miguel","family":"Cisneros-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctorado en Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, M\u00e9xico"},{"name":"Departamento de Ecolog\u00eda Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5906-9737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis E.","family":"Eguiarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ecolog\u00eda Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2992-4229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ecolog\u00eda Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, M\u00e9xico"},{"name":"Centro de Estudios del Cuaternario de Fuego-Patagonia y Ant\u00e1rtica (CEQUA), Punta Arenas, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","author":"Cisneros-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Figshare"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2011.0675"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0601434103"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-481-3799-2"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0800981105"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2011.0685"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.38278"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/GES00849.1"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/766709"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.13579"},{"key":"R11","article-title":"An\u00e1lisis del metametaloma en los tapetes microbianos de Domos del Arqueano, Cuatro Ci\u00e9negas, como recapitulaci\u00f3n del uso de metales a lo largo de la historia de la Tierra","author":"Madrigal-Trejo","year":"2022"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-6488-0"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-6488-0"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.11.18.469043"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/047001590X"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00792-014-0681-6"},{"key":"R17","first-page":"765","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Geobiology. 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