{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:13:08Z","timestamp":1788999188090,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698105600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009228","name":"Region \u00d6rebro l\u00e4n","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["OLL-967424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OLL-967424"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009228","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.1926\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Neisseria meningitidis<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> can be a human commensal in the upper respiratory tract but is also capable of causing invasive diseases such as meningococcal meningitis and septicaemia. No specific genetic markers have been detected to distinguish carriage from disease isolates. The aim here was to find genetic traits that could be linked to phenotypic outcomes associated with carriage versus invasive <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.1926\" xlink:type=\"simple\">N. meningitidis<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> disease through a bacterial genome-wide association study (GWAS). In this study, invasive <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.1926\" xlink:type=\"simple\">N. meningitidis<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> isolates collected in Sweden (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=103) and carriage isolates collected at \u00d6rebro University, Sweden (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=213) 2018\u20132019 were analysed. The GWAS analysis, treeWAS<jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic> was applied to single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), genes and k-mers. One gene and one non-synonymous SNP were associated with invasive disease and seven genes and one non-synonymous SNP were associated with carriage isolates. The gene associated with invasive disease encodes a phage transposase (NEIS1048), and the associated invasive SNP <jats:italic>glmU<\/jats:italic> S373C encodes the enzyme N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate (GlcNAC 1-P) uridyltransferase. Of the genes associated with carriage isolates, a gene variant of <jats:italic>porB<\/jats:italic> encoding PorB class 3, the genes <jats:italic>pilE<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>pilS<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>tspB<\/jats:italic> have known functions. The SNP associated with carriage was <jats:italic>fkbp<\/jats:italic> D33N, encoding a FK506-binding protein (FKBP). K-mers from <jats:italic>PilS<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>tbpB<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>tspB<\/jats:italic> were found to be associated with carriage, while k-mers from <jats:italic>mtrD<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>tbpA<\/jats:italic> were associated with invasiveness. In the genes <jats:italic>fkbp<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>glmU<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>PilC<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>pilE<\/jats:italic>, k-mers were found that were associated with both carriage and invasive isolates, indicating that specific variations within these genes could play a role in invasiveness. The data presented here highlight genetic traits that are significantly associated with invasive or carriage <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.1926\" xlink:type=\"simple\">N. meningitidis<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> across the species population. These traits could prove essential to our understanding of the pathogenicity of <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.1926\" xlink:type=\"simple\">N. meningitidis<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> and could help to identify future vaccine targets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.001124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T15:30:08Z","timestamp":1698161408000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Genetic variants linked to the phenotypic outcome of invasive disease and carriage of Neisseria meningitidis"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4040-4891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorraine","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University, \u00d6rebro, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thor Bech","family":"Johannesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca","family":"Stenmark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University, \u00d6rebro, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Jacobsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University, \u00d6rebro, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olof","family":"S\u00e4ll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University, \u00d6rebro, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara Thulin","family":"Hedberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University, \u00d6rebro, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Fredlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University, \u00d6rebro, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Stegger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University, \u00d6rebro, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"M\u00f6lling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University, \u00d6rebro, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61016-2"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-019-0282-6"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2006.05.004"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2002.tb00633.x"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00181-09"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evw122"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01609-18"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2006.00052.x"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.6.3140"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz279"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.07.007"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2019.10.018"},{"key":"R13","article-title":"Invasive meningococcal disease 2018","author":"Sweden","year":"2018"},{"key":"R14","article-title":"Invasive meningococcal disease 2019","author":"Sweden","year":"2019"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2306.161768"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70251-6"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268823000018"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz600"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-020-02128-4"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-7-128"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2015.03.002"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2016.132"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005958"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01409-17"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2014-15-3-r46"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000074"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu033"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku1196"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz239"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu153"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv421"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03524-14"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011835"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.14826.1"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evaa023"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050112"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.177.23.6902-6909.1995"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/9.10.1061"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwx100"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-008-1643-7"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09008.x"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.1.407-411.2002"},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1103748"},{"key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.11.4436-4444.1997"},{"key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6064\/2012\/489208"},{"key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.2015.1095638"},{"key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00015-14"},{"key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13747"},{"key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.1508"},{"key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02506-12"},{"key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0966-842x(02)00037-9"},{"key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.03134-14"},{"key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301153"},{"key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/dnares\/dsi021"},{"key":"R56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13015"},{"key":"R57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201488031"},{"key":"R58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.7.2613-2620.1997"},{"key":"R59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-15-253"},{"key":"R60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/protein\/gzi024"},{"key":"R61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2004.04299.x"},{"key":"R62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.2.1360-1367.2006"},{"key":"R63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055798"},{"key":"R64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.5.2454-2462.2002"},{"key":"R65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00339-13"},{"key":"R66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00056-12"},{"key":"R67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009992"},{"key":"R68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.640"},{"key":"R69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01517-14"},{"key":"R70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006495"},{"key":"R71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.000061"},{"key":"R72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00465-18"},{"key":"R73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01521-14"},{"key":"R74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.45529-0"},{"key":"R75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac430"}],"container-title":["Microbial Genomics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/mgen\/10.1099\/mgen.0.001124?crawler=true&mimetype=application\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T15:30:12Z","timestamp":1698161412000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/mgen\/10.1099\/mgen.0.001124"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/mgen.0.001124","relation":{},"ISSN":["2057-5858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2057-5858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]}}}