{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:10:00Z","timestamp":1747181400857,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701129600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015631","name":"Merck Canada","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["61347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61347"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015631","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013739","name":"Pfizer Canada","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["WS2216520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WS2216520"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013199","name":"Ministry of Economic Development and Trade, Government of Alberta","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["EDT-RCP-19-003-MIF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EDT-RCP-19-003-MIF"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the province of Alberta, Canada, invasive disease caused by <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.5677\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> serogroup 20 (serotypes 20A\/20B) has been increasing in incidence. Here, we characterize provincial invasive serogroup 20 isolates collected from 1993 to 2019 alongside invasive and non-invasive serogroup 20 isolates from the Global Pneumococcal Sequencing (GPS) Project collected from 1998 to 2015. Trends in clinical metadata and geographic location were evaluated, and serogroup 20 isolate genomes were subjected to molecular sequence typing, virulence and antimicrobial resistance factor mining, phylogenetic analysis and pangenome calculation. Two hundred and seventy-four serogroup 20 isolates from Alberta were sequenced, and analysed along with 95 GPS Project genomes. The majority of invasive Alberta serogroup 20 isolates were identified after 2007 in primarily middle-aged adults and typed predominantly as ST235, a sequence type that was rare among GPS Project isolates. Most Alberta isolates carried a full-length <jats:italic>whaF<\/jats:italic> capsular gene, suggestive of serotype 20B. All Alberta and GPS Project genomes carried molecular resistance determinants implicated in fluoroquinolone and macrolide resistance, with a few Alberta isolates exhibiting phenotypic resistance to azithromycin, clindamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, as well as non-susceptibility to tigecycline. All isolates carried multiple virulence factors including those involved in adherence, immune modulation and nutrient uptake, as well as exotoxins and exoenzymes. Phylogenetically, Alberta serogroup 20 isolates clustered with predominantly invasive GPS Project isolates from the USA, Israel, Brazil and Nepal. Overall, this study highlights the increasing incidence of invasive <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.5677\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. pneumoniae<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> serogroup 20 disease in Alberta, Canada, and provides insights into the genetic and clinical characteristics of these isolates within a global context.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.001141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T15:44:26Z","timestamp":1701186266000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Genomic analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae serogroup 20 isolates in Alberta, Canada from 1993\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6481-7595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley N.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberta Precision Laboratory \u2013 Public Health Laboratory, 8440 112 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2B7 Canada"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, 5-411 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1C9 Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6166-9934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, Ste. #1100, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112 USA"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, 5-411 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1C9 Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9564-7952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew A.","family":"Croxen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, 6-010 Katz Centre for Health Research, 11315 - 87 Ave NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1 Canada"},{"name":"Women & Children\u2019s Health Research Institute (WCHRI), University of Alberta, 5-083 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy (ECHA), 11405 87 Avenue NW Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9 Canada"},{"name":"Alberta Precision Laboratory \u2013 Public Health Laboratory, 8440 112 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2B7 Canada"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, 5-411 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1C9 Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3723-9843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter H. B.","family":"Demczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3R2 Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3941-5583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3R2 Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5276-2416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory J.","family":"Tyrrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, 6-010 Katz Centre for Health Research, 11315 - 87 Ave NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1 Canada"},{"name":"Alberta Precision Laboratory \u2013 Public Health Laboratory, 8440 112 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2B7 Canada"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, 5-411 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1C9 Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0001-8"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.22341.1"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9050420"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.13077"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MJT.0000000000000551"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00937-20"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00024-23"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00540-21"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00024-15"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.380451"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00086-12"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.04.032"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.06.079"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-03963-z"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/168.1.1"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1773-y"},{"key":"R17","first-page":"893","article-title":"Centers for disease control and prevention (CDC). direct and indirect effects of routine vaccination of children with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease","volume":"54","year":"2005","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/599827"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.03.063"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.12.026"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/648593"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/cjm-2013-0614"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu524"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)71081-3"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11205110-000000000-00000"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00018-12"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199111213252101"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000422.pub3"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/148.6.1136"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.08.048"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biologicals.2019.07.005"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.09.019"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-013-0601-1"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1805.110235"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00526-6"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000342709"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-021-00901-2"},{"key":"R38","article-title":"Public Health Agency of Canada. National case definition: Invasive Pneumococcal Disease"},{"key":"R39","first-page":"238","volume-title":"Manual of Clinical Microbiology","author":"Facklam","year":"1991"},{"key":"R40","first-page":"241","volume-title":"Methods in Microbiology","volume":"12","author":"Lund","year":"1978"},{"volume-title":"CLSI Standard M07","year":"2018","key":"R41"},{"volume-title":"CLSI Supplement M100","year":"2022","key":"R42"},{"key":"R43","article-title":"Tigecycline \u2013 Injection products. US Food and Drug Administration 2023"},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000685"},{"key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt086"},{"key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty266"},{"key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.2477"},{"key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-10-421"},{"key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.14826.1"},{"key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz935"},{"key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1080"},{"key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-00834-3"},{"key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.1319"},{"key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-361-5"},{"key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-15-8"},{"key":"R56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3176"},{"key":"R57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07641-9"},{"key":"R58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku1196"},{"key":"R59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaa131"},{"key":"R60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msx281"},{"key":"R61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4285"},{"key":"R62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab301"},{"key":"R63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.04.021"},{"key":"R64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111129"},{"key":"R65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-78538-7"},{"key":"R66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14745\/ccdr.v48i09a04"},{"key":"R67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2008.03.024"},{"key":"R68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.1.187"},{"key":"R69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq287"},{"key":"R70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00672-10"},{"key":"R71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac920"},{"key":"R72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2011.09.008"},{"key":"R73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2021.1966301"}],"container-title":["Microbial Genomics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/mgen\/10.1099\/mgen.0.001141?crawler=true&mimetype=application\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T15:44:31Z","timestamp":1701186271000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/mgen\/10.1099\/mgen.0.001141"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/mgen.0.001141","relation":{},"ISSN":["2057-5858"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2057-5858"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]]}}}