{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:59:06Z","timestamp":1787065146703,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718755200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011094","name":"Public Health Agency of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011094","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Carbapenems are last-resort antibiotics for treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Enterobacterales<\/jats:italic>\n                    , but carbapenem resistance is a rising global threat due to the acquisition of carbapenemase genes. Oxacillinase-48 (\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OXA-48<\/jats:sub>\n                    )-type carbapenemases are increasing in abundance in Canada and elsewhere; these genes are frequently found on mobile genetic elements and are associated with specific transposons. This means that alongside clonal dissemination,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OXA-48-type<\/jats:sub>\n                    genes can spread through plasmid-mediated horizontal gene transfer. We applied whole genome sequencing to characterize 249\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OXA-48-type<\/jats:sub>\n                    -producing\n                    <jats:italic>Enterobacterales<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates collected by the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program from 2010 to 2021. Using a combination of short- and long-read sequencing, we obtained 70 complete and circular\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OXA-48-type<\/jats:sub>\n                    -encoding plasmids. Using MOB-suite, four major plasmids clustered were identified, and we further estimated a plasmid cluster for 91.9\u200a% (147\/160) of incomplete\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OXA-48-type<\/jats:sub>\n                    -encoding contigs. We identified different patterns of carbapenemase mobilization across Canada, including horizontal transmission of\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OXA-181<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/IncX3 plasmids (75\/249, 30.1\u200a%) and\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OXA-48<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/IncL\/M plasmids (47\/249, 18.9\u200a%), and both horizontal transmission and clonal transmission of\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OXA-232<\/jats:sub>\n                    for\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ST231 on ColE2-type\/ColKP3 plasmids (25\/249, 10.0\u200a%). Our findings highlight the diversity of OXA-48-type plasmids and indicate that multiple plasmid clusters and clonal transmission have contributed to\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OXA-48-type<\/jats:sub>\n                    spread and persistence in Canada.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.001257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T10:16:53Z","timestamp":1718792213000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Plasmid genomic epidemiology of carbapenem-hydrolysing class D \u03b2-lactamase (CDHL)-producing Enterobacterales in Canada, 2010\u22122021"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7914-9198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Lerminiaux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, 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