{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T02:52:24Z","timestamp":1767927144009,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722556800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011094","name":"Public Health Agency of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1920-HQ-00069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1920-HQ-00069"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011094","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RGPIN-2019-07135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2019-07135"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Changing climates are allowing the geographic expansion of ticks and their animal hosts, increasing the risk of <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>-caused zoonoses in Canada. However, little is known about the genomic diversity of <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic> from the west of the Canadian Rockies and from the tick vectors <jats:italic>Ixodes pacificus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Ixodes auritulus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ixodes angustus<\/jats:italic>. Here, we report the whole-genome shotgun sequences of 51 <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic> isolates from multiple tick species collected on a range of animal hosts between 1993 and 2016, located primarily in coastal British Columbia. The bacterial isolates represented three different species from the Lyme disease-causing <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato<\/jats:italic> genospecies complex [<jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=47), <jats:italic>Borrelia americana<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=3) and <jats:italic>Borrelia bissettiae<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=1)]. The traditional eight-gene multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) strategy was applied to facilitate comparisons across studies. This identified 13 known <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic> sequence types (STs), established 6 new STs, and assigned 5 novel types to the nearest sequence types. <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> s. s. isolates were further differentiated into ten <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic> types, plus one novel <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic> with less than 92\u200a% nucleotide identity to all previously defined <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic> types. The MLST types resampled over extended time periods belonged to previously described STs that are distributed across North America. The most geographically widespread ST, ST.12, was isolated from all three tick species. Conversely, new <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> s. s. STs from Vancouver Island and the Vancouver region were only detected for short periods, revealing a surprising transience in space, time and host tick species, possibly due to displacement by longer-lived genotypes that expanded across North America.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>This article contains data hosted by Microreact.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.001276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T14:18:30Z","timestamp":1722608310000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Whole-genome sequencing of Western Canadian Borrelia spp. collected from diverse tick and animal hosts reveals short-lived local genotypes interspersed with longer-lived continental genotypes"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jennifer N.","family":"Russell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Microbial Systems and Society, Faculty of Science, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min-Kuang","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel I.","family":"Uyaguari-Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Present address: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada"},{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashton N.","family":"Sies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Microbial Systems and Society, Faculty of Science, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danae M.","family":"Suchan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Microbial Systems and Society, Faculty of Science, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Present address: Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada"},{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad G.","family":"Morshed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"},{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Public Health Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1560-8572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew D. 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