{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T12:06:39Z","timestamp":1779883599069,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779840000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"abstract":"\n In streptococci, the acquisition of high-level gentamicin resistance (HLGR) abolishes the synergy with beta-lactams, constituting a medical concern for humans and animals. This synergy between gentamicin and beta-lactams is useful to treat severe infections like endocarditis, among others. HLGR has been characterized mostly in roup B Streptococci mediated by the bi-functional gene\n aac<\/jats:italic>\n (6)-\n aph<\/jats:italic>\n (2).\n <\/jats:p>\n \n HLGR\u2013\n Streptococcus dysgalactiae<\/jats:italic>\n subsp.\n equisimilis<\/jats:italic>\n (\n SDSE<\/jats:italic>\n ) (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n =27) were isolated from the uterus of mares during a routine screening before\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n fecundation. One HLGR\u2013\n SDSE<\/jats:italic>\n was isolated from a lymph node of a mare. The mares resided in six different studs located in four departments of France. HLGR\n \u2013SDSE<\/jats:italic>\n belonged to three sequence types (STs): ST196 (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n =26), ST223 (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n =1) and a single locus variant (SLV) of ST200 (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n =1). For the first time, HLGR was found mediated by the two genes\n aph<\/jats:italic>\n (2\u2033)-\n Ib<\/jats:italic>\n and\n aac<\/jats:italic>\n (6\u2019)-\n Iam<\/jats:italic>\n located on a class 5 integrative mobilizable element (IME), here named HLGR_IME. In HLGR\u2013\n SDSE<\/jats:italic>\n assigned to ST196 and ST223, the HLGR_IME was inserted in a Tn\n 5252<\/jats:italic>\n -type transposon. In the isolate assigned to an ST200-SLV, the HLGR_IME was inserted in an ICE\n Er0106<\/jats:italic>\n -type element. The Tn\n 5252<\/jats:italic>\n -type transposon was able to transfer\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n from HLGR\n \u2013SDSE<\/jats:italic>\n to an erythromycin-resistant\n Streptococcus agalactiae<\/jats:italic>\n strain. The transferability of HLGR from\n SDSE<\/jats:italic>\n to human pathogens, such as\n S. agalactiae<\/jats:italic>\n , is a major concern for health. The phylogenetic analysis displayed that\n SDSE<\/jats:italic>\n from horses constituted a distinct phylogenetic clade from\n SDSE<\/jats:italic>\n isolated from humans or other animals. Furthermore, we demonstrated that HLGR\u2013\n SDSE<\/jats:italic>\n belonging to ST196 were able to disseminate among mares within a single stud during 2\u2009years. This clone has also been reported in the USA.\n <\/jats:p>\n Hygiene measures could prevent further dissemination of HLGR streptococci in veterinary settings, preserving horses\u2019 health, and the transfer of HLGR to pathogens important in veterinary and human settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.001722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T11:15:48Z","timestamp":1779880548000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrative and conjugative elements carrying high-level gentamicin resistance genes in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis from horses"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Tony","family":"Rocheg\u00fce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ANSES - Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, Unit\u00e9 Antibior\u00e9sistance et Virulence Bact\u00e9riennes, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3932-9180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandrine","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de G\u00e9nomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estelle","family":"Saras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANSES - Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, Unit\u00e9 Antibior\u00e9sistance et Virulence Bact\u00e9riennes, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Gillet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de G\u00e9nomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Lyon, Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, 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