{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T16:03:34Z","timestamp":1784563414748,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) are at high risk of invasive infection. In sub-Saharan Africa, invasive non-typhoidal\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                    (iNTS) serovars are a leading cause of paediatric bloodstream infection. However, low-resource settings lack genomic data linking intestinal carriage with concurrent BSI in children presenting with SAM.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We conducted a longitudinal cohort study among children aged 0\u201359 months admitted for inpatient management of complicated SAM at the Madarounfa Intensive Nutritional Rehabilitation Centre, Maradi, Niger (2016\u20132017). Blood cultures and rectal swabs were obtained on admission (and during hospitalization if symptoms worsened). Genomic population structure of\n                    <jats:italic>S. enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                    serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium was compared using phylogeny and clustering approaches. Among 1,371 enrolled children, 87\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were recovered from 83 BSI episodes in 80 children. Invasive isolates belonged to a few globally circulating lineages, whereas carriage-only isolates demonstrated more heterogeneous genotypes. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for 58 viable BSI isolates: susceptibility was retained to third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems, while resistance to ampicillin (95%) and amoxicillin\/clavulanate (90%) was common.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A nested case\u2013control analysis of rectal swabs from 232 children (58 iNTS BSI cases; 174 non-BSI controls) was performed to test the association between gut carriage and BSI.\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    was detected in 44\/58 (76%) cases vs. 7\/174 (4%) controls, yielding a relative risk of 18.86 (CI 95% 9.00\u201339.53;\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00b2=126.7;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.0001). Clustering analyses confirmed close genomic relatedness within patient pairs and indicated circulation of a limited number of endemic clones. Among controls with faecal\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    , serovars were diverse and distinct from invasive lineages.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.001788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T15:15:51Z","timestamp":1784560551000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Salmonella bloodstream infection and concurrent intestinal colonization in children with severe acute malnutrition in Niger"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5049-4481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirsty","family":"Sands","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"},{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Campillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Producci\u00f3n Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Arag\u00f3n-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Boostrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditya Kumar","family":"Lankapalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brekhna","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward AR","family":"Portal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"},{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"},{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lim S.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Wales Microbiology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tassiou Elhadji","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Public Health and Hygiene, Niamey, Niger"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Idi","family":"Kalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Public Health and Hygiene, Niamey, Niger"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Sayinzonga-Makombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epicentre, Maradi, Niger"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheila","family":"Isanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. 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