{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T16:04:14Z","timestamp":1784045054133,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020959","name":"JST-Mirai Program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["JPMJMI22D1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJMI22D1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020959","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014423","name":"Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["JPMEERF20235R01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMEERF20235R01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["JP25K01942"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP25K01942"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["JP22K18038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22K18038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs) are non-autonomous mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that can be mobilized by transposases provided by the relevant autonomous MGEs. MITEs originating from Tn\n                    <jats:italic>3<\/jats:italic>\n                    -family transposons were previously termed Tn\n                    <jats:italic>3<\/jats:italic>\n                    -derived inverted-repeat miniature elements (TIMEs). Composite transposon-like structures bounded by two copies of TIME, called TIME-COMPs, were shown to mobilize the intervening sequences. However, their association with antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) has not yet been systematically studied. This study thus aimed to identify new TIME-COMP-like structures containing ARGs in the genomic sequences of the clinically important bacterial family\n                    <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    in public databases. TIME-COMP-like structures were first searched for in the plasmid database PLSDB, focusing on small plasmids, using a self-against-self\n                    <jats:sc>blastn<\/jats:sc>\n                    approach to identify repeated elements. Then, newly and previously identified MITEs (including TIMEs) were searched for in the NCBI core nucleotide database to identify TIME-COMP-like structures located on other replicons. Bioinformatic analysis identified multiple previously unreported TIME-COMPs containing ARGs, which are bounded by directly or inversely oriented TIMEs, namely IS\n                    <jats:italic>101<\/jats:italic>\n                    , MITESen1 and a novel 244\u2009bp TIME termed TIME244. TIME244 contains a putative resolution site related to that of Tn\n                    <jats:italic>21<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These TIMEs were predominantly detected in plasmids and very rarely in chromosomes. The ARGs embedded in newly identified TIME-COMPs were\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>KPC-2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>floR<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>qnrS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n                    (A). Notably, the\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>KPC-2<\/jats:sub>\n                    carbapenemase gene was found in TIME-COMPs bounded by TIME244 and a TIME-COMP bounded by IS\n                    <jats:italic>101<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These findings highlight a potential role for TIMEs in the spread of diverse ARGs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.001790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T15:15:55Z","timestamp":1784042155000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tn3-derived inverted-repeat miniature elements that mobilize antibiotic resistance genes"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3299-333X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryota","family":"Gomi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan"},{"name":"Research Center for Water Environment Technology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5144-3459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirokazu","family":"Yano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan Institute for Health Security, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00088-17"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/cjm-2018-0275"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2011.00277.x"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1241"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evr077"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes15030328"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105010"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(80)90089-3"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00033-09"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plasmid.2021.102561"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02178-17"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-025-02502-7"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.MDNA3-0060-2014"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00330747"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkj014"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae1095"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91456-0"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02412-14"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1991.tb00755.x"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msj125"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(81)90087-5"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0888-7543(91)90071-l"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-024-03571-y"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00431443"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(92)90597-i"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2014.09.003"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02140-18"},{"key":"R28","article-title":"Enterobacter hormaechei strain K814 plasmid pK814-QNRS, complete sequence","author":"Luo"},{"key":"R29","article-title":"Enterobacter hormaechei strain K1326 plasmid pK1326-qnrS, complete sequence","author":"Luo"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-01953-y"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45757-3"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01451-07"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.169945"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.001000"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102588"},{"key":"R36","article-title":"Enterobacter cloacae strain ECC-003 plasmid pECC-003-1, complete sequence","author":"Chen"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00762-15"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1985.tb03904.x"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00330655"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.16.6062"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2007.02.098"},{"key":"R42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02805"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02011-17"},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkac032"},{"key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090046"},{"key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbac222"},{"key":"R47","article-title":"Analysis of the stepwise acquisition of blactx-m-2 and subsequent acquisition of either blaimp-1 or blaimp-6 in highly conserved IncN-pST5 plasmids","volume":"5","author":"Ikegaya","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrob Resist"}],"container-title":["Microbial Genomics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/mgen\/10.1099\/mgen.0.001790?crawler=true&mimetype=application\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T15:15:56Z","timestamp":1784042156000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/mgen\/10.1099\/mgen.0.001790"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/mgen.0.001790","relation":{},"ISSN":["2057-5858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2057-5858","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]}}}