{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T15:53:39Z","timestamp":1791388419224,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JPIAMR\/Canadian Institute Health Research program","award":["10016015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10016015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    During the 2010s,\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    ST131 clade A tested sensitive to most antibiotics. In the 2020s, Europe experienced outbreaks of fluoroquinolone-resistant ST131-A that contained CTX-M \u03b2-lactamases and OXA-48-like carbapenemases. We investigated the acquisition of different antimicrobial resistance determinants in the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) ST131-A. Phylogenetic analysis and Bayesian inference were utilized to define subclades and clusters (within subclades) and investigate the evolutionary history of ST131-A, using sequenced genomes and publicly available genomic data (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =2,905). ST131-A consisted of five dominant subclades and ten frequent clusters, representing 93 and 83% of the total population, respectively. The sampled most recent common ancestors of the dominant subclades dated mainly to the 1990s. Several MDR clusters linked with diverse quinolone resistance-determining region mutations, CTX-M and OXA-48-like genes diversified during the 2000s. The distribution and mobile genetic elements linked with\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-14<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-27<\/jats:sub>\n                    differed among ST131-A subclades and clusters across geographic locations. Three ST131-A clusters belonging to different subclades and carrying\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OXA-48<\/jats:sub>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OXA-244<\/jats:sub>\n                    in distinct genetic contexts were associated with the recent European dissemination. The identification of MDR ST131-A subclades and clusters with divergent molecular architectures emerging independently across regions highlights the challenges for public health surveillance and control efforts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.001858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T15:16:59Z","timestamp":1791386219000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genomic global epidemiology and evolution of Escherichia coli ST131 clade A"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8595-8944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasufumi","family":"Matsumura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gisele","family":"Peirano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Alberta Precision Laboratories, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4016-3707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Bogaerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, National Reference Center for Antimicrobial Resistance in Gram-negative Bacteria, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0403-8052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Te-Din","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, National Reference Center for Antimicrobial Resistance in Gram-negative Bacteria, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0392-1350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogdan 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