{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:34:07Z","timestamp":1790742847626,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]],"date-time":"2018-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522540800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>Verticillium dahliae<\/jats:italic> is a soilborne fungus that causes vascular wilt diseases on numerous plant species worldwide. The production of darkly melanized microsclerotia is crucial in the disease cycle of <jats:italic>V. dahliae<\/jats:italic>, as these structures allow for long-term survival in soil. Previously, transcriptomic and genomic analysis identified a cluster of genes in <jats:italic>V. dahliae<\/jats:italic> that encodes some dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) melanin biosynthetic pathway homologues found in related fungi. In this study, we explored the roles of cluster-specific transcription factor VdCmr1, as well as two other genes within the cluster encoding a polyketide synthase (VdPKS1) and a laccase (<jats:italic>VdLac1<\/jats:italic>), enzymes at initial and endpoint steps in DHN melanin production. The results revealed that <jats:italic>VdCmr1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>VdPKS1<\/jats:italic> are required for melanin production, but neither is required for microsclerotia production. None of the three genes were required for pathogenesis on tobacco and lettuce. Exposure of \u0394<jats:italic>VdCmr1<\/jats:italic> and wild-type strains to UV irradiation, or to high temperature (40\u2009\u00b0C), revealed an approx. 50\u200a% reduction of survival in the \u0394<jats:italic>VdCmr1<\/jats:italic> strain, relative to the wild-type strain, in response to either condition. Expression profiles revealed that expression of some melanin biosynthetic genes are in part dependent on <jats:italic>VdCmr1<\/jats:italic>. Combined data indicate VdCmr1 is a key regulator of melanin biosynthesis, and that via regulation of melanogenesis, VdCmr1 affects survival of <jats:italic>V. dahliae<\/jats:italic> in response to abiotic threats. We conclude with a model showing regulation of <jats:italic>VdCmr1<\/jats:italic> by a high osmolarity glycerol response (Hog)-type MAP kinase pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.000633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,27]],"date-time":"2018-02-27T16:14:15Z","timestamp":1519748055000},"page":"685-696","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Transcription factor VdCmr1 is required for pigment production, protection from UV irradiation, and regulates expression of melanin biosynthetic genes in Verticillium dahliae"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"Yonglin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulin","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Anchieta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1636 E. 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