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In general, these infections are difficult to treat due to poor therapeutic responses in immunocompromised patients. Despite that, little is known about the molecular mechanisms and transcriptional changes responsible for the antifungal resistance in fusaria. To shed light on the transcriptional response to antifungals, we carried out the first reported high-throughput RNA-seq analysis for <jats:italic>F. oxysporum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>N. solani<\/jats:italic> that had been exposed to amphotericin B (AMB) and posaconazole (PSC). We detected significant differences between the transcriptional profiles of the two species and we found that some oxidation-reduction, metabolic, cellular and transport processes were regulated differentially by both fungi. The same was found with several genes from the ergosterol synthesis, efflux pumps, oxidative stress response and membrane biosynthesis pathways. A significant up-regulation of the C-22 sterol desaturase (<jats:italic>ERG5<\/jats:italic>), the sterol 24-C-methyltransferase (<jats:italic>ERG6<\/jats:italic>) gene, the glutathione S-transferase (<jats:italic>GST<\/jats:italic>) gene and of several members of the major facilitator superfamily (<jats:italic>MSF<\/jats:italic>) was demonstrated in this study after treating <jats:italic>F. oxysporum<\/jats:italic> with AMB. These results offer a good overview of transcriptional changes after exposure to commonly used antifungals, highlights the genes that are related to resistance mechanisms of these fungi, which will be a valuable tool for identifying causes of failure of treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.000927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]],"date-time":"2020-07-09T16:14:36Z","timestamp":1594311276000},"page":"936-946","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Transcriptional response of Fusarium oxysporum and Neocosmospora solani challenged with amphotericin B or posaconazole"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"166","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Castillo-Casta\u00f1eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Micolog\u00eda y Fitopatolog\u00eda (LAMFU), Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"},{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n Celular y Molecular de Microorganismos Pat\u00f3genos (CeMoP), Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5705-0023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. 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