{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:31:03Z","timestamp":1790469063919,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"11","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Sphingomyelinases produced by the pathogenic members of the genus<jats:italic><jats:named-content content-type=\"genus\"><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.7893\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Leptospira<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:named-content><\/jats:italic>are implicated in the haemorrhagic manifestations seen in the severe form of leptospirosis. With multiple sphingomyelinase genes present in the genome of pathogenic<jats:italic><jats:named-content content-type=\"genus\"><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.7893\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Leptospira<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:named-content><\/jats:italic>, much remains to be understood about these molecules. They include factors regulating their expression, post-translational modifications, and release of the biologically active forms of these molecules. In this study, serovar Pomona was chosen as it is reported to express high levels of sphingomyelinase that explained the haemolytic activity seen in experimental animals infected with this pathogen. Here, we demonstrate the cytotoxicity of a 42\u2009kDa sphingomyelinase secreted by<jats:italic><jats:named-content content-type=\"species\"><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.7894\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Leptospira interrogans<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:named-content><\/jats:italic>serovar Pomona strain Pomona upon infecting Vero cells. This sphingomyelinase detected using specific anti-sphingomyelinase antibodies, exhibited haemolytic and sphingomyelinase activities that caused host-cell damage evident from the confocal images and scanning electron micrographs. The implications of these findings and the detection of a 42\u2009kDa sphingomyelinase in the urine of human patients with leptospirosis in our earlier study is discussed with an emphasis on the potential of these sphingomyelinases as candidate markers for the early diagnosis of leptospirosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.000976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T14:26:40Z","timestamp":1601303200000},"page":"1065-1073","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cytotoxicity of the 42 kDa SMase C sphingomyelinase secreted by Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona on Vero cells"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"166","author":[{"given":"Reetika","family":"Chaurasia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Present address: Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"},{"name":"Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9873-2434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manjula","family":"Sritharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2014.06.015"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2208"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.03.012"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.10.102"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10123-019-00067-3"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.5"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00204"},{"key":"R8","first-page":"167","author":"Sritharan","year":"2012"},{"key":"R9","article-title":"Pathology and host immune evasion during human leptospirosis: a review","author":"Voon Kin","year":"2019"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.2.296-326.2001"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00830-2"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63198-7"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12959"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003952"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.1.315-322.2002"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/76.4.493","article-title":"Hemolytic anemia associated with leptospirosis. 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