{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:36:06Z","timestamp":1790818566217,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Medical Research Council","award":["MR\/J006874\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/J006874\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.11043\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> is a frequent cause of invasive human infections such as bacteraemia and infective endocarditis. These infections frequently relapse or become chronic, suggesting that the pathogen has mechanisms to tolerate the twin threats of therapeutic antibiotics and host immunity. The general stress response of <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.11043\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. aureus<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> is regulated by the alternative sigma factor B (\u03c3B) and provides protection from multiple stresses including oxidative, acidic and heat. \u03c3B also contributes to virulence, intracellular persistence and chronic infection. However, the protective effect of \u03c3B on bacterial survival during exposure to antibiotics or host immune defences is poorly characterized. We found that \u03c3B promotes the survival of <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.11043\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. aureus<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> exposed to the antibiotics gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and daptomycin, but not oxacillin or clindamycin. We also found that \u03c3B promoted staphylococcal survival in whole human blood, most likely via its contribution to oxidative stress resistance. Therefore, we conclude that the general stress response of <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.11043\" xlink:type=\"simple\">S. aureus<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> may contribute to the development of chronic infection by conferring tolerance to both antibiotics and host immune defences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.000983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]],"date-time":"2020-10-23T16:25:45Z","timestamp":1603470345000},"page":"1088-1094","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["The general stress response of Staphylococcus aureus promotes tolerance of antibiotics and survival in whole human 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