{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T05:29:29Z","timestamp":1790573369213,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"6","funder":[{"name":"SERB-DST","award":["EEQ\/2017\/000496"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EEQ\/2017\/000496"]}]},{"name":"SERB-DST","award":["SB\/YS\/LS-98\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SB\/YS\/LS-98\/2014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"abstract":"\n A continued rise in leafy green-linked outbreaks of disease caused by pathogenic\n \n \n Escherichia coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n or\n \n \n Salmonella<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n , particularly strains exhibiting multidrug resistance (MDR), has emerged as a major threat to human health and food safety worldwide. Thus, the present study was conducted to examine antimicrobial resistance, including MDR, in diarrhoeagenic\n \n \n E. coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n (DEC) and\n \n \n Salmonella<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n isolates obtained from leafy greens from rural and urban areas of India. Of the collected samples (830), 14.1 and 6.5% yielded 117\n \n \n E. coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n (40 DEC and 77 non-DEC) and 54\n \n \n Salmonella<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n isolates, respectively. Among the DEC pathotypes, enteroaggregative\n \n \n E. coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n was the most prevalent (10.2\u200a%), followed by enteropathogenic\n \n \n E. coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n (9.4\u200a%), enteroinvasive\n \n \n E. coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n (7.6\u200a%) and enterohemorrhagic\n \n \n E. coli<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n (6.8\u200a%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of all bacterial isolates with respect to drugs categorized as critically or highly important in both human and veterinary medicine revealed moderate to high (30\u201390%) resistance for amoxicillin\/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, gentamycin and colistin, but relatively low resistance (>30\u200a%) for ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole and fosfomycin. Notably, all DEC and more than 90% non-DEC or\n \n \n Salmonella<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n isolates were found to be multidrug-resistant to drugs of both human and animal importance. Overall, the results of the present study suggest that leafy greens are potential reservoirs or sources of multidrug-resistant DEC and\n \n \n Salmonella<\/jats:ext-link>\n <\/jats:named-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n strains in the rural or urban areas of India.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.001059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T11:10:10Z","timestamp":1622545810000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Leafy greens as a potential source of multidrug-resistant diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"167","author":[{"family":"Priyanka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prem Raj","family":"Meena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keshav Kumar","family":"Meghwanshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anuj","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6822-6469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arvind Pratap","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12487"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268802008063","article-title":"A national outbreak of multi-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium definitive phage type (DT) 104 associated with consumption of lettuce","volume":"130","author":"Horby","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0691.2003.00655.x","article-title":"A European outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium definitive phage type 204B in 2000","volume":"9","author":"Crook","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05545-11"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/597399"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/esw.12.51.03332-en"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/esw.10.26.02734-en"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2019.1632258"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2610.191418"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01995-13"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2014.1865"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00258-15"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01300-18"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00022-13"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268808000484","article-title":"A foodborne outbreak of enterotoxigenic E. coli and salmonella anatum infection after a high-school dinner in Denmark","volume":"137","author":"Pakalniskiene","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"R16","volume-title":"Outbreaks of Gastroenteritis Linked to Lettuce","author":"Ethelberg","year":"1948"},{"key":"R17","article-title":"List of selected multistate foodborne outbreak investigations","year":"2020"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30418-9","article-title":"Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Invasive Disease Collaborators. 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