{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T12:12:41Z","timestamp":1779883961800,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"12","funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50017\/2020+UIDB\/50017\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["CEECIND\/00977\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/00977\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["SFRH\/BD\/52573\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/52573\/2014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Members of <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.2914\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Shewanella<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> are ubiquitous in aquatic environments, some of which have been implicated in human infections. The progenitors of antibiotic resistance genes with clinical relevance, such as <jats:italic>qnrA<\/jats:italic> genes, have been identified in <jats:italic>Shewanella. qnrA<\/jats:italic> code for a pentapeptide repeat protein that protects type II topoisomerases, decreasing susceptibility to quinolones and fluoroquinolones. In this study, 248 genomes of 49 <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.2914\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Shewanella<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> species were analysed as well as 33 environmental isolates belonging to 10 <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.2914\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Shewanella<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> species. The presence of the <jats:italic>qnrA<\/jats:italic> gene was detected in 22.9% of the genomes and 15.2% of the isolates. The gene was more often detected in <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.2916\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Shewanella algae<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic>, but was also detected in <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.31129\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Shewanella carassii<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.14929\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Shewanella chilikensis<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.11581\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Shewanella haliotis<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.22485\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Shewanella indica<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic>. The identified genes encoded the previously described variants QnrA3 (in 22 genomes of one species), QnrA2 (eight genomes and three species), QnrA1 (six genomes and two species), QnrA7 (five genomes and two species), QnrA10 (two genomes of one species) and QnrA4 (one genome). In addition, 11 novel variants with 3 to 7 amino acid substitutions were identified (in 13 genomes and one environmental isolate). The presence of this gene appears to be species-specific although within some species several variants were detected. The study presents a previously unknown diversity of <jats:italic>qnrA<\/jats:italic> in <jats:italic>\n                     <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.2914\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Shewanella<\/jats:ext-link>\n                     <\/jats:named-content>\n                  <\/jats:italic>, highlighting the role of this genus as progenitor and reservoir of these genes. Further studies are needed to determine the phenotypes conferred by the new variants and the mechanisms that may mediate the transfer of these genes to new hosts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.001118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T19:16:56Z","timestamp":1639682216000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["qnrA gene diversity in Shewanella spp."],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"167","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2902-9873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Biology Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2044-3768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. R.","family":"Azenha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7717-4939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I.","family":"Henriques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Biology Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"University of Coimbra, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7965-4928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Tac\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Biology Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c9md00120d"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.3552"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki245"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-010-0120-2"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141538"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01930.x"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00143-07"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00339-07"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/092986709787581879"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm204"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.PLAS-0006-2013"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx226"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.082092899"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.8.3523-3525.2005"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw1017"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)07322-4"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10210-3"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn201"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2017.05.014"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-6208-1"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-012-9697-z"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-9838-z"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2011.01.004"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2015.02.008"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msy096"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/msb.2011.75"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuz031"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.64354-0"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinmicnews.2014.01.006"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.03.020"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6976897"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.031625-0"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1906.121607"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-49-2-705"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.002678"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00016-09"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnv146"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01861"}],"container-title":["Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/micro\/10.1099\/mic.0.001118?crawler=true","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T19:17:02Z","timestamp":1639682222000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/micro\/10.1099\/mic.0.001118"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/mic.0.001118","relation":{},"ISSN":["1350-0872","1465-2080"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-0872","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-2080","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]]}}}