{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T05:24:17Z","timestamp":1775885057748,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643241600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Synedgen"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000897","name":"Cystic Fibrosis Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RDP R15RO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RDP R15RO"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000897","name":"Cystic Fibrosis Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CFF SWORDS1810"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CFF SWORDS1810"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000897","name":"Cystic Fibrosis Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CFF SWORDS20G0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CFF SWORDS20G0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P30DK072482"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30DK072482"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R35 HL135816"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35 HL135816"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.2553\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      <\/jats:named-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    is a common opportunistic pathogen that can cause chronic infections in multiple disease states, including respiratory infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF bronchiectasis. Like many opportunists,\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.2553\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      <\/jats:named-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    forms multicellular biofilm communities that are widely thought to be an important determinant of bacterial persistence and resistance to antimicrobials and host immune effectors during chronic\/recurrent infections. Poly (acetyl, arginyl) glucosamine (PAAG) is a glycopolymer that has antimicrobial activity against a broad range of bacterial species, and also has mucolytic activity, which can normalize the rheological properties of cystic fibrosis mucus. In this study, we sought to evaluate the effect of PAAG on\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.2553\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      <\/jats:named-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    bacteria within biofilms\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and in the context of experimental pulmonary infection in a rodent infection model. PAAG treatment caused significant bactericidal activity against\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.2553\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      <\/jats:named-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    biofilms, and a reduction in the total biomass of preformed\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.2553\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      <\/jats:named-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    biofilms on abiotic surfaces, as well as on the surface of immortalized cystic fibrosis human bronchial epithelial cells. Studies of membrane integrity indicated that PAAG causes changes to\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.2553\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      <\/jats:named-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    cell morphology and dysregulates membrane polarity. PAAG treatment reduced infection and consequent tissue inflammation in experimental\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.2553\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      <\/jats:named-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    rat infections. Based on these findings we conclude that PAAG represents a novel means to combat\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:named-content content-type=\"species\">\n                        <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1601\/nm.2553\" xlink:type=\"simple\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      <\/jats:named-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    infection, and may warrant further evaluation as a therapeutic.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.001121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T14:17:07Z","timestamp":1643120227000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Poly (acetyl, arginyl) glucosamine disrupts Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms and enhances bacterial clearance in a rat lung infection model"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"168","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4549-8036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryan A.","family":"Garcia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa S.","family":"McDaniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6564-5526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allister J.","family":"Loughran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Jude Children\u2019s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA"},{"name":"Synedgen, Inc., Claremont, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5495-5713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Dixon","family":"Johns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9165-5672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vidya","family":"Narayanaswamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Synedgen, Inc., Claremont, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6480-3975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Courtney","family":"Fernandez Petty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan E.","family":"Birket","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"},{"name":"Department of Cell Developmental and Integrative Physiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shenda M.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Synspira Therapeutics, Inc., Framingham, MA, USA"},{"name":"Synedgen, Inc., Claremont, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roxanna","family":"Barnaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dartmouth Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, New Hanover, NH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce A.","family":"Stanton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dartmouth Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, New Hanover, NH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6621-6096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy B.","family":"Foote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Pathology Laboratory, at University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9045-0133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven M.","family":"Rowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"},{"name":"Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"},{"name":"Department of Cell Developmental and Integrative Physiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4037-996X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W. Edward","family":"Swords","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.6.1379"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201210-1897OC"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200408-1044SO"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000038"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-016-0333-y"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.06.007"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30753-3"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/338782"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-016-0339-5"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2017-0321TR"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200304-505SO"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00913"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2415"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2011.00322.x"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.1.175-183.1996"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms141020983"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.125954"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61162-9"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20120562"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00194.2009"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/la504407v"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.49.1.1-32.1985"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08927014.2019.1674811"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091935"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.72.3.2064-2069.2006"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179776"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00498-19"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.11.4543-4551.1997"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2116\/analsci.19.1239"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.67.4.593-656.2003"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb\/5.6.563"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35023079"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra043184"}],"container-title":["Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/micro\/10.1099\/mic.0.001121?crawler=true&mimetype=application\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T22:27:08Z","timestamp":1702592828000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/micro\/10.1099\/mic.0.001121"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/mic.0.001121","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2021.09.15.460521","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1350-0872","1465-2080"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-0872","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-2080","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]}}}