{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:19:02Z","timestamp":1790864342097,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001250","name":"Morris Animal Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["D21ZO-507"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D21ZO-507"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001250","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Antimicrobial-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    have now infiltrated the gut microbiomes of wild animals globally, posing a threat to the health and conservation of endangered species. In previous studies of an Australian fruit bat species, the grey-headed flying fox (GHFF;\n                    <jats:italic>Pteropus poliocephalus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), the prevalence of amoxicillin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    was significantly higher (77.4%) in GHFF pups from South Australia (SA) compared to adult GHFF (3.8%). In rehabilitation settings, amoxicillin is one of the most frequently administered antibiotics to GHFF. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence and genetic characteristics of amoxicillin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    in two additional cohorts of young GHFF: hand-reared pups from New South Wales (NSW) undergoing rehabilitation for release back to wild habitats (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =25) and older juveniles from SA in a pre-release facility (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =30), and compare these with previous findings in GHFF. Amoxicillin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    were cultured from GHFF faecal samples using amoxicillin-supplemented media. Isolates confirmed as\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    by PCR underwent whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Amoxicillin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    were identified in 40.0% (10 out of 25) of NSW GHFF pups and 3.3% (1 out of 30) of SA juvenile GHFF. Twelve amoxicillin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were obtained from 11 bats, with all belonging to anthropogenic-associated lineages. Additional resistance to amoxicillin\u2013clavulanic acid, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim\u2013sulfamethoxazole was detected across the 12 isolates. Overall, 33.3% of GHFF\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    were multidrug-resistant, and 66.7% had extraintestinal pathogenic traits and were classified as opportunistic pathogens. These findings indicate that the prevalence of amoxicillin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    is significantly higher in GHFF pups than in juvenile and adult GHFF, and carriage may not be long-term. Further research is required to examine the prevalence and dynamics of antibiotic-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    in GHFF pups as they mature. The infiltration of antibiotic-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    into GHFF microbiomes presents yet another threat to this endangered species and highlights the need for good antimicrobial stewardship when treating wildlife.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.001703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T15:16:49Z","timestamp":1778771809000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Detection of amoxicillin-resistant and multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in young Australian bats (grey-headed flying fox, Pteropus poliocephalus)"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"172","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8669-9702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiona K.","family":"McDougall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1746-0682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wayne S. 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