{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T15:24:07Z","timestamp":1783524247049,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute","award":["U54CA143924"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54CA143924"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008335","name":"Arizona Biomedical Research Commission","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RFGA2022-010\u201305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RFGA2022-010\u201305"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008335","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Sneathia<\/jats:italic>\n                    species are emerging pathogens associated with adverse gynaecologic, obstetric and neonatal sequelae, including bacterial vaginosis, preterm birth, chorioamnionitis, non-gonococcal urethritis and HPV-mediated cervical carcinogenesis. Yet, their pathogenicity is poorly understood due to their fastidious nature. Here, we conducted infection assays using multiple strains of\n                    <jats:italic>Sneathia vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Sneathia sanguinegens<\/jats:italic>\n                    to evaluate host responses in an\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    3D organotypic model of the human cervix. We profiled a broad array of proteins, including antimicrobial peptides, cytokines, growth factors, mucins, matrix metalloproteinases and proteins related to apoptosis and cellular stress. Both\n                    <jats:italic>Sneathia<\/jats:italic>\n                    species induced similar pro-inflammatory signatures. Notably, all strains robustly induced IL-6 and IL-8\/CXCL8 (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    from 0.02 to &lt;0.0001), which are clinical markers associated with preterm birth, vaginal dysbiosis and cervical carcinogenesis. Most strains also induced the two chemokines IP-10\/CXCL10 and MIP-3\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/CCL20. Conversely, no significant induction of matrix metalloproteinases or apoptosis-related proteins was observed. Furthermore, co-infection with both species elicited similar cytokine patterns with no synergistic effects observed. Collectively, investigation of multiple strains confirms that both\n                    <jats:italic>Sneathia<\/jats:italic>\n                    species trigger a conserved immune-mediated response. This reveals a shared pathogenic mechanism that represents a potential pathway toward adverse gynaecologic and obstetric outcomes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.001709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T16:15:27Z","timestamp":1779380127000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sneathia vaginalis and Sneathia sanguinegens elicit conserved inflammatory responses in a human 3D cervical cell model"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"172","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5190-2173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"\u0141aniewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Garwolinska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK"},{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwenllian","family":"Anwyl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK"},{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8540-5917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa M.","family":"Herbst-Kralovetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2021.1905606"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-13-S8-S4"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.004663"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043802"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-025-00626-1"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15854"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-020-0286-z"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-021-00259-8"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.112.103366"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina62010020"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00578.x"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01676"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2025.115267"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000620"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-022-02771-2"}],"container-title":["Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/micro\/10.1099\/mic.0.001709?crawler=true&mimetype=application\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T16:15:28Z","timestamp":1779380128000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/micro\/10.1099\/mic.0.001709"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/mic.0.001709","relation":{},"ISSN":["1350-0872","1465-2080"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-0872","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-2080","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]}}}