{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T17:03:14Z","timestamp":1779987794723,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022627","name":"Fulbright U.S. Scholar Program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007229","name":"Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds UGent","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["BOF20\/GOA\/002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BOF20\/GOA\/002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007229","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In the present study, we used an experimental evolution approach to investigate how reduced antibiotic susceptibility develops in biofilms formed by\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    when they are exposed to the clinically relevant antibiotics tobramycin and meropenem. Two biofilm model systems were used, one mimicking surface-attached biofilms (multiple independent\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    lineages originating from\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    AA2-1 and maintained for 4\u201310 cycles) and one mimicking biofilm aggregates in cystic fibrosis sputum (multiple independent\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    lineages originating from 6 different reference strains and maintained for 15 cycles). Whole-genome sequencing of evolved populations revealed both known and previously unknown genetic adaptations that reduce antibiotic susceptibility. While reduced susceptibility to meropenem commonly arose from mutations in\n                    <jats:italic>oprD<\/jats:italic>\n                    , we also identified a role for\n                    <jats:italic>irlR<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The development of reduced susceptibility towards tobramycin was more complex, with mutations in\n                    <jats:italic>fusA1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>anr<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>ccoQ1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>ptsP<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>phoQ<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>nppA1A2BCD<\/jats:italic>\n                    associated with adaptation to this antibiotic. Our findings underscore the multifaceted strategies employed by\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    to withstand antibiotic pressure in biofilms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.001715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T16:16:36Z","timestamp":1779984996000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Experimental evolution reveals adaptive pathways to reduced antibiotic susceptibility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"172","author":[{"given":"Fauve","family":"Vergauwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Sass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, 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