{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T17:12:45Z","timestamp":1788369165738,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01AI155476"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI155476"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015691","name":"Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["T32AI007180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AI007180"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Group B\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (GBS) is a leading cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis worldwide. Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) is a major virulence factor that aids GBS in colonizing the gastrointestinal (GI) and vaginal tracts, surviving in whole blood and evading the immune system. CPS is also the basis for a GBS CPS-protein conjugate vaccine candidate. In addition to its function on the surface of the bacteria, CPS can also be released and shed into the environment. In\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , shed CPS has been shown to absorb antimicrobial peptides and CPS-specific antibodies, allowing the bacteria to evade the innate immune system and potentially limiting vaccine protection. In this work, we show that CPS shedding occurs in ~75% of GBS isolates that we screened from a large library of clinical strains. We then identified\n                    <jats:italic>ypmS<\/jats:italic>\n                    as a genetic determinant of CPS shedding using an indexed transposon library. We used a clean in-frame deletion mutant of\n                    <jats:italic>ypmS<\/jats:italic>\n                    to assess the importance of shedding in GBS colonization and immune evasion. We explored the role of\n                    <jats:italic>ypmS<\/jats:italic>\n                    in colonization using murine models of GI and vaginal co-colonization and showed that the wild-type strain outcompeted the \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>ypmS<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant in both scenarios. We also assessed the effect of shed capsule on opsonophagocytosis. Free CPS was protective against bacterial killing in an opsonophagocytic killing assay using CPS-specific antibodies. With this work, we have identified a novel genetic cause of CPS shedding and shown its contribution to GBS colonization fitness and immune evasion.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.001763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T16:16:03Z","timestamp":1788365763000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["ypmS promotes capsular polysaccharide shedding and in vivo fitness of Group B Streptococcus"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"172","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2551-2614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Molly E.","family":"Sharp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjana","family":"Sankaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 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