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LPS\u2013Toll-like receptor 4 signalling may contribute to AIEC-associated intestinal inflammation. Here, we show that disruption of\n                    <jats:italic>rfaG<\/jats:italic>\n                    -dependent cell envelope biogenesis is associated with reduced type 1 fimbrial expression, epithelial invasion and intestinal colonization in the AIEC strain LF82. Deletion of\n                    <jats:italic>rfaG<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a gene involved in cell envelope biogenesis, resulted in reduced type 1 fimbrial expression and activity, accompanied by reduced transcription of\n                    <jats:italic>fim<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes. The\n                    <jats:italic>rfaG<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant also exhibited impaired invasion of epithelial cells compared with the parental LF82 strain. Finally, the\n                    <jats:italic>rfaG<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant showed reduced competitive colonization in the murine intestinal tract, whereas chromosomal complementation with\n                    <jats:italic>rfaG<\/jats:italic>\n                    restored this colonization defect. Inducible expression of type 1 fimbriae also partially reversed the reduced colonization at the early stage of infection, raising the possibility that additional\n                    <jats:italic>rfaG<\/jats:italic>\n                    -dependent mechanisms, independently of type 1 fimbrial expression, contribute to intestinal colonization. These findings suggest that\n                    <jats:italic>rfaG<\/jats:italic>\n                    -dependent cell envelope biogenesis contributes to the coordinated expression of surface-associated virulence factors associated with intestinal colonization in AIEC.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.001766","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T16:16:29Z","timestamp":1788365789000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["rfaG-dependent cell envelope biogenesis supports type 1 fimbrial expression and intestinal colonization in adherent-invasive Escherichia coli"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"172","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3563-2991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Miki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, 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