{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T01:52:26Z","timestamp":1762998746478},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>serovar Typhi causes a human-restricted systemic infection called typhoid fever. We have identified a Typhi genomic region encoding two ORFs, STY1498 and STY1499, that are expressed during infection of human macrophages and organized in an operon. STY1498 corresponds to<jats:italic>clyA<\/jats:italic>, which encodes a pore-forming cytolysin, and STY1499 encodes a 27\u2005kDa protein, without any attributed function, which we have named TaiA (Typhi-associated invasin A). In order to evaluate the roles of these genes in Typhi pathogenesis, isogenic Typhi strains harbouring a non-polar mutation of either<jats:italic>clyA<\/jats:italic>or<jats:italic>taiA<\/jats:italic>were constructed. In macrophages,<jats:italic>taiA<\/jats:italic>was involved in increasing phagocytosis, as<jats:italic>taiA<\/jats:italic>deletion reduced bacterial uptake, whereas<jats:italic>clyA<\/jats:italic>reduced or controlled bacterial growth, as<jats:italic>clyA<\/jats:italic>deletion enhanced Typhi survival within macrophages without affecting cytotoxicity. In epithelial cells, deletion of<jats:italic>taiA<\/jats:italic>had no effect on invasion, whereas deletion of<jats:italic>clyA<\/jats:italic>enhanced the Typhi invasion rate, and reduced cytotoxicity. Overexpression of<jats:italic>taiA<\/jats:italic>in Typhi or in<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>resulted in a higher invasion rate of epithelial cells. We have demonstrated that TaiA is secreted independently of both the<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>pathogenicity island (SPI)-1 and the SPI-2 type three secretion systems. We have shown that this operon is regulated by the virulence-associated regulator PhoP. Moreover, our results revealed that products of this operon might be involved in promoting the use of macrophages as a sheltered reservoir for Typhi and allowing long-term persistence inside the host.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.022988-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,7]],"date-time":"2009-02-07T08:31:54Z","timestamp":1233995514000},"page":"477-488","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["A novel PhoP-regulated locus encoding the cytolysin ClyA and the secreted invasin TaiA of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is involved in virulence"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"155","author":[{"given":"S\u00e9bastien P.","family":"Faucher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Montreal, CP 6128 Succursale Centre-Ville, Montr\u00e9al, QC H3C 3J7, 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