{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T00:07:38Z","timestamp":1791072458561,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Phage-resistant and -susceptible bacteria from nodules of alfalfa and sweet clover, grown at a site without a known history of cultivation, were identified as diverse genotypes of<jats:italic>Ensifer<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Rhizobium<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Phyllobacterium<\/jats:italic>species based on sequence analysis of ribosomal (16S and 23S rRNA) and protein-encoding (<jats:italic>atpD<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>recA<\/jats:italic>) genes, Southern hybridization\/RFLP and a range of phenotypic characteristics. Among phage-resistant bacteria, one genotype of<jats:italic>Rhizobium<\/jats:italic>sp. predominated on alfalfa (frequency \u223c68\u200a%) but was recovered infrequently (\u223c1\u200a%) from sweet clover. A second genotype was isolated infrequently only from alfalfa. These genotypes fixed nitrogen poorly in association with sweet clover and<jats:italic>Phaseolus vulgaris<\/jats:italic>, but were moderately effective with alfalfa. They produced a near-neutral reaction on mineral salts agar containing mannitol, which is atypical of the genus<jats:italic>Rhizobium<\/jats:italic>. A single isolate of<jats:italic>Ensifer<\/jats:italic>sp. and two of<jats:italic>Phyllobacterium<\/jats:italic>sp. were recovered only from sweet clover. All were highly resistant to multiple antibiotics. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that<jats:italic>Ensifer<\/jats:italic>sp. strain T173 is closely related to, but separate from, the non-symbiotic species \u2018<jats:italic>Sinorhizobium morelense<\/jats:italic>\u2019. Strain T173 is unique in that it possesses a 175\u2005kb symbiotic plasmid and elicits ineffective nodules on alfalfa, sweet clover,<jats:italic>Medicago lupulina<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Macroptilium atropurpureum.<\/jats:italic>The two<jats:italic>Phyllobacterium<\/jats:italic>spp. were non-symbiotic and probably represent bacterial opportunists. Three genotypes of<jats:italic>E. meliloti<\/jats:italic>that were symbiotically effective with alfalfa and sweet clover were encountered infrequently. Among phage-susceptible isolates, two genotypes of<jats:italic>E. medicae<\/jats:italic>were encountered infrequently and were highly effective with alfalfa, sweet clover and<jats:italic>Medicago polymorpha<\/jats:italic>. The ecological and practical implications of the findings are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.034058-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,30]],"date-time":"2009-10-30T00:44:53Z","timestamp":1256863493000},"page":"505-520","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Ensifer, Phyllobacterium and Rhizobium species occupy nodules of Medicago sativa (alfalfa) and Melilotus alba (sweet clover) grown at a Canadian site without a history of cultivation"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"156","author":[{"given":"E. S. P.","family":"Bromfield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OC6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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adhaerens Casida (1982). Is the combination \u2018Sinorhizobium adhaerens\u2019 (Casida 1982) Willems et al. 2003 legitimate? Request for an Opinion","volume":"53","author":"Young","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/micro\/10.1099\/mic.0.034058-0?crawler=true","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:26:02Z","timestamp":1739406362000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/micro\/10.1099\/mic.0.034058-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/mic.0.034058-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1350-0872","1465-2080"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-0872","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-2080","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]]}}}