{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T08:11:00Z","timestamp":1794039060061,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]]},"abstract":"During cycling between the tick vector and a mammal, the Lyme disease spirochaete Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> must coordinate expression of outer-surface proteins (Osps) A and B to quickly respond to environmental changes. The pathogen abundantly produces OspA\/B in the tick, but represses their expression during mammalian infection. This paper reports a regulatory structure, consisting of two sequences flanking the ospAB<\/jats:italic> promoter, that is required for enhancing ospA<\/jats:italic> expression in B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> grown in vitro<\/jats:italic>, but repressing its expression during murine infection. Deletion or replacement of either the upstream or downstream sequence of the ospAB<\/jats:italic> promoter caused a significant decrease in ospA<\/jats:italic> expression in vitro<\/jats:italic>, but a dramatic increase during murine infection. Fusion of either sequence with the flaB<\/jats:italic> reporter promoter led to increased expression of an ospA<\/jats:italic> reporter gene in vitro<\/jats:italic>, but a decrease in the murine host. Furthermore, simultaneous fusion of both sequences with the reporter promoter showed a synergistic effect in enhancing expression of the ospA<\/jats:italic> reporter in vitro<\/jats:italic>, but repressing its expression during murine infection. Taken together, the results demonstrate that the regulatory structure functions oppositely in the two different environments and potentially provides B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> with a molecular mechanism to quickly adapt to the distinct environments during its enzootic life cycle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.036608-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,16]],"date-time":"2010-04-16T00:54:54Z","timestamp":1271379294000},"page":"2194-2204","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Two regulatory elements required for enhancing ospA expression in Borrelia burgdorferi grown in vitro but repressing its expression during mammalian infection"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"156","author":[{"given":"Qilong","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, 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