{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T02:08:17Z","timestamp":1790647697033,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recently, a link between endocytosis and hyphal morphogenesis has been identified in<jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>via the Wiskott\u2013Aldrich syndrome gene homologue<jats:italic>WAL1<\/jats:italic>. To get a more detailed mechanistic understanding of this link we have investigated a potentially conserved interaction between Wal1 and the<jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>WASP-interacting protein (WIP) homologue encoded by<jats:italic>VRP1<\/jats:italic>. Deletion of both alleles of<jats:italic>VRP1<\/jats:italic>results in strong hyphal growth defects under serum inducing conditions but filamentation can be observed on Spider medium. Mutant<jats:italic>vrp1<\/jats:italic>cells show a delay in endocytosis \u2013 measured as the uptake and delivery of the lipophilic dye FM4-64 into small endocytic vesicles \u2013 compared to the wild-type. Vacuolar morphology was found to be fragmented in a subset of cells and the cortical actin cytoskeleton was depolarized in<jats:italic>vrp1<\/jats:italic>daughter cells. The morphology of the<jats:italic>vrp1<\/jats:italic>null mutant could be complemented by reintegration of the wild-type<jats:italic>VRP1<\/jats:italic>gene at the<jats:italic>BUD3<\/jats:italic>locus. Using the yeast two-hybrid system we could demonstrate an interaction between the C-terminal part of Vrp1 and the N-terminal part of Wal1, which contains the WH1 domain. Furthermore, we found that Myo5 has several potential interaction sites on Vrp1. This suggests that a Wal1\u2013Vrp1\u2013Myo5 complex plays an important role in endocytosis and the polarized localization of the cortical actin cytoskeleton to promote polarized hyphal growth in<jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.041707-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,24]],"date-time":"2010-07-24T00:54:26Z","timestamp":1279932866000},"page":"2962-2969","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Candida albicans Vrp1 is required for polarized morphogenesis and interacts with Wal1 and Myo5"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"156","author":[{"given":"Nicole","family":"Borth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Junior Research Group: Growth Control of Fungal Pathogens, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology \u2013 Hans Kn\u00f6ll Institute and Department of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, D-07745 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Carlsberg Laboratory, Yeast Biology, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Walther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Junior Research Group: Growth Control of Fungal Pathogens, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology \u2013 Hans Kn\u00f6ll Institute and Department of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, D-07745 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Carlsberg Laboratory, Yeast Biology, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Reijnst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carlsberg Laboratory, Yeast Biology, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigyn","family":"Jorde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carlsberg Laboratory, Yeast Biology, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Schaub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Junior Research Group: Growth Control of Fungal Pathogens, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology \u2013 Hans Kn\u00f6ll Institute and Department of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, D-07745 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Wendland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Junior Research Group: Growth Control of Fungal Pathogens, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology \u2013 Hans Kn\u00f6ll Institute and Department of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, D-07745 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Carlsberg Laboratory, Yeast Biology, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1918","article-title":"Differential requirements for actin during yeast and mammalian endocytosis","volume":"11","author":"Aghamohammadzadeh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.141.6.1357","article-title":"The Src homology domain 3 (SH3) of a yeast type I myosin, Myo5p, binds to verprolin and is required for targeting to sites of actin polarization","volume":"141","author":"Anderson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.105.040634","article-title":"Dissection of Arp2\/3 complex actin nucleation mechanism and distinct roles for its nucleation-promoting factors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"171","author":"D'Agostino","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.148.2.353","article-title":"A role for myosin-I in actin assembly through interactions with Vrp1p, Bee1p, and the Arp2\/3 complex","volume":"148","author":"Evangelista","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb718","article-title":"Formins direct Arp2\/3-independent actin filament assembly to polarize cell growth in yeast","volume":"4","author":"Evangelista","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.00611","article-title":"Formins: signaling effectors for assembly and polarization of actin filaments","volume":"116","author":"Evangelista","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3111","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.29115-0","article-title":"The vesicle transport protein Vac1p is required for virulence of Candida albicans","volume":"152","author":"Franke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.13","article-title":"High-efficiency yeast transformation using the LiAc\/SS carrier DNA\/PEG method","volume":"2","author":"Gietz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00883-3","article-title":"A pathway for association of receptors, adaptors, and actin during endocytic internalization","volume":"115","author":"Kaksonen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.09.024","article-title":"A modular design for the clathrin- and actin-mediated endocytosis machinery","volume":"123","author":"Kaksonen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1567-1364.2007.00239.x","article-title":"The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Arf3 protein is involved in actin cable and cortical patch formation","volume":"7","author":"Lambert","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEMS Yeast Res"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.148.2.363","article-title":"Direct involvement of yeast type I myosins in Cdc42-dependent actin polymerization","volume":"148","author":"Lechler","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.136.3.649","article-title":"Bee1, a yeast protein with homology to Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome protein, is critical for the assembly of cortical actin cytoskeleton","volume":"136","author":"Li","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.148.2.219","article-title":"The tails of two myosins","volume":"148","author":"Machesky","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3521","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.10.10.3521","article-title":"The Saccharomyces cerevisiae homologue of human Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein Las17p interacts with the Arp2\/3 complex","volume":"10","author":"Madania","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.4.10.1712-1724.2005","article-title":"Ras1-induced hyphal development in Candida albicans requires the formin Bni1","volume":"4","author":"Martin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eukaryot Cell"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4439(01)00028-X","article-title":"Molecular requirements for the internalisation step of endocytosis: insights from yeast","author":"Munn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.195","article-title":"Verprolin: a cool set of actin-binding sites and some very HOT prolines","volume":"61","author":"Munn","year":"2009","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(98)70396-3","article-title":"The WASp homologue Las17p functions with the WIP homologue End5p\/verprolin and is essential for endocytosis in yeast","volume":"8","author":"Naqvi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.4.2.298-309.2005","article-title":"Strains and strategies for large-scale gene deletion studies of the diploid human fungal pathogen Candida albicans","volume":"4","author":"Noble","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eukaryot Cell"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.1.2.213-228.2002","article-title":"Myosin I is required for hypha formation in Candida albicans","volume":"1","author":"Oberholzer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eukaryot Cell"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.3.5.1272-1286.2004","article-title":"Functional characterization of myosin I tail regions in Candida albicans","volume":"3","author":"Oberholzer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eukaryot Cell"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.2.3.411-421.2003","article-title":"Candida albicans VPS11 is required for vacuole biogenesis and germ tube formation","volume":"2","author":"Palmer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eukaryot Cell"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.113.4.571","article-title":"Polarization of cell growth in yeast","volume":"113","author":"Pruyne","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14671","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.26.14671","article-title":"WIP, a protein associated with Wiskott\u2013Aldrich syndrome protein, induces actin polymerization and redistribution in lymphoid cells","volume":"94","author":"Ramesh","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00294-010-0301-7","article-title":"Candida albicans SH3-domain proteins involved in hyphal growth, cytokinesis, and vacuolar morphology","volume":"56","author":"Reijnst","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Genet"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0854.2005.00300.x","article-title":"Verprolin cytokinesis function mediated by the Hof one trap domain","volume":"6","author":"Ren","year":"2005","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(83)01012-5","article-title":"Construction and use of gene fusions to lacZ (beta-galactosidase) that are expressed in yeast","volume":"101","author":"Rose","year":"1983","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb834","article-title":"An actin nucleation mechanism mediated by Bni1 and profilin","volume":"4","author":"Sagot","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4053","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.18.7.4053","article-title":"Spa2p interacts with cell polarity proteins and signaling components involved in yeast cell morphogenesis","volume":"18","author":"Sheu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.114.8.1505","article-title":"The life cycle of actin patches in mating yeast","volume":"114","author":"Smith","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2004.05.008","article-title":"The distinct morphogenic states of Candida albicans","volume":"12","author":"Sudbery","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2724","article-title":"WASP: a key immunological multitasker","volume":"10","author":"Thrasher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17103","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.24.17103","article-title":"The human WASP-interacting protein, WIP, activates the cell polarity pathway in yeast","volume":"274","author":"Vaduva","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2008.09.017","article-title":"Vacuoles and fungal biology","volume":"11","author":"Veses","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s00294-002-0349-0","article-title":"An improved transformation protocol for the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans","volume":"42","author":"Walther","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Genet"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.3.2.471-482.2004","article-title":"Polarized hyphal growth in Candida albicans requires the Wiskott\u2013Aldrich Syndrome protein homolog Wal1p","volume":"3","author":"Walther","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eukaryot Cell"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.137","article-title":"PCR-based gene targeting in Candida albicans","volume":"3","author":"Walther","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.61.080706.093341","article-title":"Morphogenesis in Candida albicans","volume":"61","author":"Whiteway","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2004.06.005","article-title":"Candida morphogenesis and host\u2013pathogen interactions","volume":"7","author":"Whiteway","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/micro\/10.1099\/mic.0.041707-0?crawler=true","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T08:21:05Z","timestamp":1635754865000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/micro\/10.1099\/mic.0.041707-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/mic.0.041707-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1350-0872","1465-2080"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-0872","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-2080","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]]}}}