{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T19:55:58Z","timestamp":1768074958855,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]]},"abstract":"\n Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> expressing serogroup 6 capsules frequently causes pneumococcal infections and the evolutionary origins of the serogroup 6 strains have been extensively studied. However, these studies were performed when serogroup 6 had only two known members (serotypes 6A and 6B) and before the two new members (serotypes 6C and 6D) expressing wciN<\/jats:italic>\n \n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub> were found. We have therefore reinvestigated the evolutionary origins of serogroup 6 by examining the profiles of the capsule gene loci and the multilocus sequence types (MLSTs) of many serogroup 6 isolates from several continents. We confirmed that there are two classes of cps<\/jats:italic> locus sequences for serogroup 6 isolates. In our study, class 2 cps<\/jats:italic> sequences were limited to a few serotype 6B isolates. Neighbour-joining analysis of cps<\/jats:italic> sequence profiles showed a distinct clade for 6C and moderately distinct clades for class 1 6A and 6B sequences. The serotype 6D cps<\/jats:italic> profile was found within the class 1 6B clade, suggesting that it was created by recombination between 6C and 6B cps<\/jats:italic> loci. Interestingly, all 6C isolates also had a unique wzy<\/jats:italic> allele with a 6 bp deletion. This suggests that serotype switching to 6C involves the transfer of a large (>4\u2005kb) gene segment that includes both the wciN<\/jats:italic>\n \n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub> allele and the \u2018short\u2019 wzy<\/jats:italic> allele. The MLST studies of serotype 6C isolates suggest that the 6C cps<\/jats:italic> locus is incorporated into many different pneumococcal genomic backgrounds but that, interestingly, 6C cps<\/jats:italic> may have preferentially entered strains of the same genomic backgrounds as those of serotype 6A.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.043901-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,8]],"date-time":"2010-10-08T00:27:14Z","timestamp":1286497634000},"page":"189-198","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Evolution of the capsular gene locus of Streptococcus pneumoniae serogroup 6"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"157","author":[{"given":"P. E.","family":"Bratcher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I. H.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. B.","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Hortal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal and Child Health Department, Ministry of Public Health Montevideo, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Camilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. K.","family":"Hollingshead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Camou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal and Child Health Department, Ministry of Public Health Montevideo, Uruguay"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. H.","family":"Nahm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.54.1.73","article-title":"The protective action of a specific enzyme against type III pneumococcus infection in mice","volume":"54","author":"Avery","year":"1931","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)00938-7","article-title":"Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation: the key to pneumococcal disease","volume":"4","author":"Bogaert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet Infect 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