{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T21:18:32Z","timestamp":1773523112695,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>Mycoplasma genitalium<\/jats:italic> is the causative agent of non-gonococcal, chlamydia-negative urethritis in men and has been linked to reproductive tract disease syndromes in women. As with other mycoplasmas, <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic> lacks many regulatory genes because of its streamlined genome and total dependence on a parasitic existence. Therefore, it is important to understand how gene regulation occurs in <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>, particularly in response to environmental signals likely to be encountered <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. In this study, we developed an oligonucleotide-based microarray to investigate transcriptional changes in <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic> following osmotic shock. Using a physiologically relevant osmolarity condition (0.3\u2005M sodium chloride), we identified 39 upregulated and 72 downregulated genes. Of the upregulated genes, 21 were of unknown function and 15 encoded membrane-associated proteins. The majority of downregulated genes encoded enzymes involved in energy metabolism and components of the protein translation process. These data provide insights into the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> response of <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic> to hyperosmolarity conditions and identify candidate genes that may contribute to mycoplasma survival in the urogenital tract.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.043984-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,5]],"date-time":"2010-11-05T01:00:31Z","timestamp":1288918831000},"page":"548-556","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Transcriptional response of Mycoplasma genitalium to osmotic stress"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"157","author":[{"given":"Wenbo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joel B.","family":"Baseman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03518.x","article-title":"Surface localized glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of Mycoplasma genitalium binds mucin","volume":"48","author":"Alvarez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-147-7-1775","article-title":"Bacterial Ohr and OsmC paralogues define two protein families with distinct functions and patterns of expression","volume":"147","author":"Atichartpongkul","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-2924-8_9","article-title":"The cytadhesins of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and M. genitalium","volume":"20","author":"Baseman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Subcell Biochem"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0301.970103","article-title":"Mycoplasmas: sophisticated, reemerging, and burdened by their notoriety","volume":"3","author":"Baseman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1006\/mpat.1995.0050","article-title":"Interplay between mycoplasmas and host target cells","volume":"19","author":"Baseman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4542","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.13.4542-4551.2005","article-title":"Transcriptional analysis of the conserved ftsZ gene cluster in Mycoplasma genitalium and Mycoplasma pneumoniae","volume":"187","author":"Benders","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.2.746-752.2004","article-title":"Determination of infectious load of Mycoplasma genitalium in clinical samples of human vaginal cells","volume":"42","author":"Blaylock","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5803","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00667-07","article-title":"Transcriptional responses of Mycoplasma gallisepticum strain R in association with eukaryotic cells","volume":"189","author":"Cecchini","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.401003","article-title":"A microarray-based antibiotic screen identifies a regulatory role for supercoiling in the osmotic stress response of Escherichia coli","volume":"13","author":"Cheung","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.59.3.745-749.1991","article-title":"DNA supercoiling and environmental regulation of gene expression in pathogenic bacteria","volume":"59","author":"Dorman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1126\/science.270.5235.397","article-title":"The minimal gene complement of Mycoplasma genitalium","volume":"270","author":"Fraser","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0510013103","article-title":"Essential genes of a minimal bacterium","volume":"103","author":"Glass","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1176951","article-title":"Transcriptome complexity in a genome-reduced bacterium","volume":"326","author":"Gu\u0308ell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.4.701","article-title":"Comparative analysis of the genomes of the bacteria Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma genitalium","volume":"25","author":"Himmelreich","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2004.00923.x","article-title":"Mycoplasma genitalium : the aetiological agent of urethritis and other sexually transmitted diseases","volume":"18","author":"Jensen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s002030050649","article-title":"Uptake and synthesis of compatible solutes as microbial stress responses to high-osmolality environments","volume":"170","author":"Kempf","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Microbiol"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R22","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2007-8-2-r22","article-title":"Rapid, accurate, computational discovery of Rho-independent transcription terminators illuminates their relationship to DNA uptake","volume":"8","author":"Kingsford","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.1.160-166.2006","article-title":"Transcriptional profiling of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae during heat shock using microarrays","volume":"74","author":"Madsen","year":"2006a","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.28674-0","article-title":"Transcriptional profiling of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae during iron depletion using microarrays","volume":"152","author":"Madsen","year":"2006b","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01291-07","article-title":"Transcriptome changes in Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae during infection","volume":"76","author":"Madsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.174.1.1-7.1992","article-title":"Environmental signals controlling expression of virulence determinants in bacteria","volume":"174","author":"Mekalanos","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1994.tb07113.x","article-title":"Immediate and transient inhibition of the respiration of Escherichia coli under hyperosmotic shock","volume":"121","author":"Meury","year":"1994","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2845","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.188.8.2845-2855.2006","article-title":"Transcriptional heat shock response in the smallest known self-replicating cell, Mycoplasma genitalium","volume":"188","author":"Musatovova","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.4.1541-1547.2002","article-title":"Cloning of rel from Listeria monocytogenes as an osmotolerance involvement gene","volume":"68","author":"Okada","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3785","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2007\/011387-0","article-title":"Global transcriptional analysis of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae following exposure to hydrogen peroxide","volume":"153","author":"Schafer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2585","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01680-08","article-title":"Structural insights into the extracytoplasmic thiamine-binding lipoprotein p37 of Mycoplasma hyorhinis","volume":"191","author":"Sippel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9440","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1530509100","article-title":"Statistical significance for genomewide studies","volume":"100","author":"Storey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3033","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2008\/020735-0","article-title":"Interaction of Mycoplasma genitalium with host cells: evidence for nuclear localization","volume":"154","author":"Ueno","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.65.070196.003223","article-title":"DNA topoisomerases","volume":"65","author":"Wang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5456","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/26.23.5456","article-title":"Analysis of complete genomes suggests that many prokaryotes do not rely on hairpin formation in transcription termination","volume":"26","author":"Washio","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5502","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.184.19.5502-5507.2002","article-title":"Profiling early osmostress-dependent gene expression in Escherichia coli using DNA microarrays","volume":"184","author":"Weber","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4488","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.22.4488","article-title":"Transcription in Mycoplasma pneumoniae","volume":"28","author":"Weiner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6306","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg841","article-title":"Transcription profiles of the bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae grown at different temperatures","volume":"31","author":"Weiner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1177263","article-title":"Impact of genome reduction on bacterial metabolism and its regulation","volume":"326","author":"Yus","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/micro\/10.1099\/mic.0.043984-0?crawler=true","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T12:28:15Z","timestamp":1605788895000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/micro\/10.1099\/mic.0.043984-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/mic.0.043984-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1350-0872","1465-2080"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-0872","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-2080","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]]}}}