{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T14:45:45Z","timestamp":1792853145577,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                  <jats:italic>Yersinia pestis<\/jats:italic> genome sequencing projects have revealed six intact uncharacterized chaperone\/usher systems with the potential to play roles in plague pathogenesis. We cloned each locus and expressed them in the \u0394<jats:italic>fim Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> strain AAEC185 to test the assembled <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic> surface structures for various activities. Expression of each chaperone\/usher locus gave rise to specific novel fibrillar structures on the surface of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>. One locus, <jats:italic>y0561-0563<\/jats:italic>, was able to mediate attachment to human epithelial cells (HEp-2) and human macrophages (THP-1) but not mouse macrophages (RAW264.7), while several loci were able to facilitate <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> biofilm formation. When each chaperone\/usher locus was deleted in <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>, only deletion of the previously described pH\u20056 antigen (Psa) chaperone\/usher system resulted in decreased adhesion and biofilm formation. Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed low expression levels for each novel chaperone\/usher system <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> as well as in mouse tissues following intravenous infection. However, a <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic> mutant in the chaperone\/usher locus <jats:italic>y1858-1862<\/jats:italic> was attenuated for virulence in mice via the intravenous route of infection, suggesting that expression of this locus is, at some stage, sufficient to affect the outcome of a plague infection. qRT-PCR experiments also indicated that expression of the chaperone\/usher-dependent capsule locus, <jats:italic>caf1<\/jats:italic>, was influenced by oxygen availability and that the well-described chaperone\/usher-dependent pilus, Psa, was strongly induced in minimal medium even at 28\u2005\u00b0C rather than 37\u2005\u00b0C, a temperature previously believed to be required for Psa expression. These data indicate several potential roles for the novel chaperone\/usher systems of <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic> in pathogenesis and infection-related functions such as cell adhesion and biofilm formation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.044826-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,19]],"date-time":"2010-11-19T05:12:29Z","timestamp":1290143549000},"page":"805-818","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Contributions of chaperone\/usher systems to cell binding, biofilm formation and Yersinia pestis virulence"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"157","author":[{"given":"Suleyman","family":"Felek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Department of Biologic and Materials Science, 1011 N. University, Dental Bldg 3209, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny J.","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Department of Biologic and Materials Science, 1011 N. University, Dental Bldg 3209, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa M.","family":"Runco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York Institute of Technology, Department of Life Sciences, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David G.","family":"Thanassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stony Brook University, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for Infectious Diseases, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric S.","family":"Krukonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, MI, USA"},{"name":"University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Department of Biologic and Materials Science, 1011 N. 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