{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T12:18:19Z","timestamp":1784809099326,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"5","funder":[{"name":"Burroughs Wellcome New Investigator"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000138","name":"United States Department of Education","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000138","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["C06 RR015455"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C06 RR015455"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The pathogenic fungus<jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic>is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals. Infection of the human host occurs through inhalation of infectious propagules following environmental exposure. In the lung,<jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>can reside in the extracellular environment of the alveolar spaces or, upon phagocytosis, it can survive and grow intracellularly within alveolar macrophages (AMs). In previous studies, we found that sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) influenced the intracellular residency of<jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>within AMs. Therefore, with this study we aimed to examine the role of the SK1 lipid product, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), in the AMs\u2013<jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>interaction. It was found that extracellular S1P enhances the phagocytosis of<jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>by AMs. Using both genetic and pharmacological approaches we further show that extracellular S1P exerts its effect on the phagocytosis of<jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>by AMs through S1P receptor 2 (S1P2). Interestingly, loss of S1P2 caused a dramatic decrease in the mRNA levels of Fc\u03b3 receptors I (Fc\u03b3RI), -II and -III. In conclusion, our data suggest that extracellular S1P increases antibody-mediated phagocytosis through S1P2 by regulating the expression of the phagocytic Fc\u03b3 receptors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.045989-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,4]],"date-time":"2011-02-04T01:51:41Z","timestamp":1296784301000},"page":"1416-1427","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Role of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and S1P receptor 2 in the phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans by alveolar macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"157","author":[{"given":"Travis","family":"McQuiston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Luberto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of 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