{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T07:56:58Z","timestamp":1791532618083,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"6","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study investigated the phylogenetic affiliation and physiological characteristics of bacteria responsible for anaerobic ammonium oxidization (anammox); these bacteria were enriched in an anammox reactor with a nitrogen removal rate of 26.0 kg N m<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>day<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. The anammox bacteria were identified as representing \u2018<jats:italic>Candidatus<\/jats:italic>Brocadia sinica\u2019 on the basis of phylogenetic analysis of rRNA operon sequences. Physiological characteristics examined were growth rate, kinetics of ammonium oxidation and nitrite reduction, temperature, pH and inhibition of anammox. The maximum specific growth rate (\u03bc<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>) was 0.0041 h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, corresponding to a doubling time of 7 days. The half-saturation constants (<jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>) for ammonium and nitrite of \u2018<jats:italic>Ca.<\/jats:italic>B. sinica\u2019 were 28\u00b14 and 86\u00b14 \u00b5M, respectively, higher than those of \u2018<jats:italic>Candidatus<\/jats:italic>Brocadia anammoxidans\u2019 and \u2018<jats:italic>Candidatus<\/jats:italic>Kuenenia stuttgartiensis\u2019. The temperature and pH ranges of anammox activity were 25\u201345 \u00b0C and pH 6.5\u20138.8, respectively. Anammox activity was inhibited in the presence of nitrite (50\u200a% inhibition at 16 mM), ethanol (91\u200a% at 1 mM) and methanol (86\u200a% at 1 mM). Anammox activities were 80 and 70\u200a% of baseline in the presence of 20 mM phosphorus and 3\u200a% salinity, respectively. The yield of biomass and dissolved organic carbon production in the culture supernatant were 0.062 and 0.005 mol C (mol<jats:inline-formula><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xmlns:ali=\"http:\/\/www.niso.org\/schemas\/ali\/1.0\/\" id=\"ieq1\" overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mtext>NH<\/mml:mtext><mml:mtext>4<\/mml:mtext><mml:mtext>+<\/mml:mtext><\/mml:msubsup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/jats:inline-formula>)<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, respectively. This study compared physiological differences between three anammox bacterial enrichment cultures to provide a better understanding of anammox niche specificity in natural and man-made ecosystems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.048595-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,8]],"date-time":"2011-04-08T00:58:31Z","timestamp":1302224311000},"page":"1706-1713","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":308,"title":["Physiological characteristics of the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium \u2018Candidatus Brocadia sinica\u2019"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"157","author":[{"given":"Mamoru","family":"Oshiki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Shimokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Fujii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisashi","family":"Satoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Okabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389"},{"key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1264\/jsme2.22.232"},{"key":"r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2009.12.034"},{"key":"r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2006.06.018"},{"key":"r5","volume-title":"Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater","author":"Eaton","year":"2005"},{"key":"r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002030100255"},{"key":"r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60106a054"},{"key":"r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.2.1066-1071.2005"},{"key":"r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2010.07.021"},{"key":"r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0273-1223(97)00195-9"},{"key":"r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0330119"},{"key":"r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.syapm.2006.03.004"},{"key":"r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00156-07"},{"key":"r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-68572-4","volume-title":"Bergey\u2019s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology: The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes","volume":"vol. 4","author":"Krieg","year":"2010"},{"key":"r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01472"},{"key":"r16","first-page":"45","article-title":"Activation energy and reaction rate. 2.4. 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