{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:11:19Z","timestamp":1788347479339,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"10","funder":[{"name":"Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NIAID"},{"name":"NIH, NIAID","award":["5K22AI081730"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5K22AI081730"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The conversion of nicotinamide to nicotinic acid by nicotinamidase enzymes is a critical step in maintaining NAD<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> homeostasis and contributes to numerous important biological processes in diverse organisms. In <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>, the nicotinamidase enzyme, PncA, is required for spirochaete survival throughout the infectious cycle. Mammals lack nicotinamidases and therefore PncA may serve as a therapeutic target for Lyme disease. Contrary to the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> importance of PncA, the current annotation for the <jats:italic>pncA<\/jats:italic> ORF suggests that the encoded protein may be inactive due to the absence of an N-terminal aspartic acid residue that is a conserved member of the catalytic triad of characterized PncA proteins. Herein, we have used genetic and biochemical strategies to determine the N-terminal sequence of <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> PncA. Our data demonstrate that the PncA protein is 24 aa longer than the currently annotated sequence and that <jats:italic>pncA<\/jats:italic> translation is initiated from the rare, non-canonical initiation codon AUU. These findings are an important first step in understanding the catalytic function of this <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>-essential protein.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.051706-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,22]],"date-time":"2011-07-22T00:47:35Z","timestamp":1311295655000},"page":"2831-2840","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Molecular characterization of the Borrelia burgdorferi in vivo-essential protein PncA"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"157","author":[{"given":"Mollie W.","family":"Jewett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida (UCF), Orlando, FL 32827, USA"},{"name":"Laboratory of Zoonotic Pathogens, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Hamilton, MT 59840, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunny","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida (UCF), Orlando, FL 32827, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelika K.","family":"Linowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida (UCF), Orlando, FL 32827, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Zoonotic Pathogens, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Hamilton, MT 59840, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Zoonotic Pathogens, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Hamilton, MT 59840, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01578"},{"key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M804681200"},{"key":"r3","first-page":"521","article-title":"Isolation and cultivation of Lyme disease spirochetes","volume":"57","author":"Barbour","year":"1984","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01059-09"},{"key":"r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.02945.x"},{"key":"r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-144-4-1033"},{"key":"r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.11.3561-3569.2004"},{"key":"r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.21.10380"},{"key":"r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.16.7546"},{"key":"r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01698.x"},{"key":"r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.4.2139-2150.2002"},{"key":"r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000073406"},{"key":"r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6769-10-2"},{"key":"r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/37551"},{"key":"r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi1012518"},{"key":"r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.6.1426","article-title":"Identification, cloning, and expression of the Escherichia coli pyrazinamidase and nicotinamidase gene, pncA","volume":"40","author":"Frothingham","year":"1996","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/yea.810"},{"key":"r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0306845101"},{"key":"r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585(2005)042[0676:DPRBBB]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(93)90619-E"},{"key":"r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2007.03151.x"},{"key":"r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0801590105"},{"key":"r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05746.x"},{"key":"r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00450-09"},{"key":"r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2004.tb09546.x"},{"key":"r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2009.06740.x"},{"key":"r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000185"},{"key":"r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1993.tb06450.x"},{"key":"r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi100825z"},{"key":"r31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280004","article-title":"An internal AUU codon initiates a smaller peptide encoded by bacteriophage T4 baseplate gene 26","volume":"232","author":"Nivinskas","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol Gen Genet"},{"key":"r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(86)80163-6"},{"key":"r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00115-11"},{"key":"r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03452.x"},{"key":"r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.8.2592-2600.2005"},{"key":"r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-144-2-577"},{"key":"r37","article-title":"Colony formation by Borrelia burgdorferi in solid medium: clonal analysis of osp locus variants. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Tick-Borne Pathogens at the Host\u2013Vector Interface, pp. 95\u2013103","author":"Rosa","year":"1992"},{"key":"r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1086"},{"key":"r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1996.6361359.x"},{"key":"r40","volume-title":"Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual,","author":"Sambrook","year":"2000"},{"key":"r41","first-page":"253","article-title":"Electrotransformation of the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi","volume-title":"Methods in Molecular Biology","author":"Samuels","year":"1995"},{"key":"r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.107.120758"},{"key":"r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005212"},{"key":"r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2001.02256.x"},{"key":"r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.16.5776-5781.2005"},{"key":"r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1996.6371354.x"},{"key":"r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/1530366041210738"},{"key":"r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.12.013"},{"key":"r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2007.01.004"},{"key":"r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.028431"},{"key":"r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2006.03013.x"},{"key":"r52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.173.3.1311-1320.1991","article-title":"Activity of the nicotinamide mononucleotide transport system is regulated in Salmonella typhimurium","volume":"173","author":"Zhu","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"}],"container-title":["Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/micro\/10.1099\/mic.0.051706-0?crawler=true","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T11:54:19Z","timestamp":1605786859000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/micro\/10.1099\/mic.0.051706-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/mic.0.051706-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1350-0872","1465-2080"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-0872","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-2080","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]]}}}