{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T13:28:06Z","timestamp":1740144486821,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"2","funder":[{"name":"Chulabhorn Graduate Institute"},{"name":"the Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Science & Technology Postgraduate Education and Research Development Office (PERDO), Ministry of Education, Thailand"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007959","name":"Chulabhorn Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007959","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Copper (Cu)-based biocides are currently used as control measures for both fungal and bacterial diseases in agricultural fields. In this communication, we show that exposure of the bacterial plant pathogen<jats:italic>Xanthomonas campestris<\/jats:italic>to nonlethal concentrations of Cu<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>ions (75 \u00b5M) enhanced expression of genes in OxyR, OhrR and IscR regulons. High levels of catalase, Ohr peroxidase and superoxide dismutase diminished Cu<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>-induced gene expression, suggesting that the production of hydrogen peroxide (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) and organic hydroperoxides is responsible for Cu<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>-induced gene expression. Despite high expression of antioxidant genes, the CuCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-treated cells were more susceptible to H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>killing treatment than the uninduced cells. This phenotype arose from lowered catalase activity in the CuCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-pretreated cells. Thus, exposure to a nonlethal dose of Cu<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>renders<jats:italic>X. campestris<\/jats:italic>vulnerable to H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, even when various genes for peroxide-metabolizing enzymes are highly expressed. Moreover, CuCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-pretreated cells are sensitive to treatment with the redox cycling drug, menadione. No physiological cross-protection response was observed in CuCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-treated cells in a subsequent challenge with killing concentrations of an organic hydroperoxide. As H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>production is an important initial plant immune response, defects in H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>protection are likely to reduce bacterial survival in plant hosts and enhance the usefulness of copper biocides in controlling bacterial pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.072470-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,3]],"date-time":"2014-01-03T03:17:16Z","timestamp":1388719036000},"page":"458-466","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Copper chloride induces antioxidant gene expression but reduces ability to mediate H2O2 toxicity in Xanthomonas campestris"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"160","author":[{"given":"Phornphan","family":"Sornchuer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Applied Biological Sciences: Environmental Health, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok 10210, 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