{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:01:28Z","timestamp":1791248488395,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"7","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2RO1 AI071752"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2RO1 AI071752"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic>is a significant cause of fungal meningitis in patients with impaired T cell-mediated immunity (CMI). Experimental pulmonary infection with a<jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>strain engineered to produce IFN-\u03b3, H99\u03b3, results in the induction of Th1-type CMI, resolution of the acute infection, and protection against challenge with WT<jats:italic>Cryptococcus<\/jats:italic>. Given that individuals with suppressed CMI are highly susceptible to pulmonary<jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>infection, we sought to determine whether antimicrobial peptides were produced in mice inoculated with H99\u03b3. Thus, we measured levels of antimicrobial peptides lipocalin-2, S100A8, S100A9, calprotectin (S100A8\/A9 heterodimer), serum amyloid A-3 (SAA3), and their putative receptors Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in mice during primary and recall responses against<jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>infection. Results showed increased levels of IL-17A and IL-22, cytokines known to modulate antimicrobial peptide production. We also observed increased levels of lipocalin-2, S100A8, S100A9 and SAA3 as well as TLR4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>and RAGE<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>macrophages and dendritic cells in mice inoculated with H99\u03b3 compared with WT H99. Similar results were observed in the lungs of H99\u03b3-immunized, compared with heat-killed<jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic>-immunized, mice following challenge with WT yeast. However, IL-22-deficient mice inoculated with H99\u03b3 demonstrated antimicrobial peptide production and no change in survival rates compared with WT mice. These studies demonstrate that protection against cryptococcosis is associated with increased production of antimicrobial peptides in the lungs of protected mice that are not solely in response to IL-17A and IL-22 production and may be coincidental rather than functional.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.073445-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,24]],"date-time":"2014-04-24T09:51:23Z","timestamp":1398333083000},"page":"1440-1452","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Characterization of IL-22 and antimicrobial peptide production in mice protected against pulmonary Cryptococcus neoformans infection"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"160","author":[{"given":"Karen L.","family":"Wozniak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camaron R.","family":"Hole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junko","family":"Yano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Dental School, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul L.","family":"Fidel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Dental School, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Floyd L.","family":"Wormley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100500"},{"key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1710"},{"key":"r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000622"},{"key":"r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3189","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.8.3189-3196.1994","article-title":"Anticryptococcal resistance in the mouse brain: beneficial effects of local administration of heat-inactivated yeast cells","volume":"62","author":"Blasi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-005-3251-7"},{"key":"r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.2.456-462.2000"},{"key":"r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803282"},{"key":"r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198909213211205"},{"key":"r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2010.22"},{"key":"r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003486"},{"key":"r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1008647"},{"key":"r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2008.139"},{"key":"r13","first-page":"1147","article-title":"Receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) exhibits highly differential cellular and subcellular localisation in rat and human lung","volume":"44","author":"Fehrenbach","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand)"},{"key":"r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03104"},{"key":"r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0306170"},{"key":"r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/43.2.300"},{"key":"r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.05939-11"},{"key":"r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00845-10"},{"key":"r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1206751"},{"key":"r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.173.3.755"},{"key":"r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1794"},{"key":"r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00739"},{"key":"r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/422329"},{"key":"r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.59.4.1423-1433.1991","article-title":"T cell-mediated immunity in the lung: a Cryptococcus neoformans pulmonary infection model using SCID and athymic nude mice","volume":"59","author":"Huffnagle","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4061\/2010\/910283"},{"key":"r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6968.12211"},{"key":"r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1997.7263"},{"key":"r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2433"},{"key":"r29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.8.6.2402","article-title":"Cloning and expression of two human genes encoding calcium-binding proteins that are regulated during myeloid differentiation","volume":"8","author":"Lagasse","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/13.6.1163"},{"key":"r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2011.07.021"},{"key":"r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20061308"},{"key":"r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.11.6257-6264.2000"},{"key":"r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2010.06.009"},{"key":"r35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.8.4.515","article-title":"Cryptococcosis in the era of AIDS\u2013100 years after the discovery of Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"8","author":"Mitchell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"r36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.64.3.926-932.1996","article-title":"In vitro activity of the antimicrobial peptides human and rabbit defensins and porcine leukocyte protegrin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"64","author":"Miyakawa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"r37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.4.1472","article-title":"Depletion of CD4+ (L3T4+) lymphocytes in vivo impairs murine host defense to Cryptococcus neoformans","volume":"144","author":"Mody","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/330080a0"},{"key":"r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2012.12.007"},{"key":"r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.04.007"},{"key":"r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2005.05397.x"},{"key":"r42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0012.1997.tb00783.x","article-title":"Clinical spectrum of invasive cryptococcosis in liver transplant recipients receiving tacrolimus","volume":"11","author":"Singh","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Transplant"},{"key":"r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/592690"},{"key":"r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.1999.00657.x"},{"key":"r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000639"},{"key":"r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903907"},{"key":"r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00274-06"},{"key":"r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-204-5_7"},{"key":"r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006854"},{"key":"r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017204"},{"key":"r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00388-10"},{"key":"r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2011.11.021"},{"key":"r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046311"},{"key":"r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/415389a"},{"key":"r55","first-page":"510","article-title":"Two calcium-binding proteins associated with specific stages of myeloid cell differentiation are expressed by subsets of macrophages in inflammatory tissues","volume":"72","author":"Zwadlo","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"}],"container-title":["Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/micro\/10.1099\/mic.0.073445-0?crawler=true","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T14:58:48Z","timestamp":1746197928000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/micro\/10.1099\/mic.0.073445-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/mic.0.073445-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1350-0872","1465-2080"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-0872","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-2080","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]]}}}