{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T05:46:42Z","timestamp":1792043202723,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"12","funder":[{"name":"NIH-NIDCR","award":["R01DE021726"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DE021726"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Hydrogen peroxide (H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) is produced by several members of the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    mainly through the pyruvate oxidase SpxB under aerobic growth conditions. The acute toxic nature of H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    raises the interesting question of how streptococci cope with intrinsically produced H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , which subsequently accumulates in the microenvironment and threatens the closely surrounding population. Here, we investigate the H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    susceptibility of oral\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus gordonii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus sanguinis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and elucidate potential mechanisms of how they protect themselves from the deleterious effect of H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Both organisms are considered primary colonizers and occupy the same intraoral niche making them potential targets for H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    produced by other species. We demonstrate that\n                    <jats:italic>S. gordonii<\/jats:italic>\n                    produces relatively more H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and has a greater ability for resistance to H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    stress. Functional studies show that, unlike in\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    resistance is not dependent on a functional SpxB and confirms the important role of the ferritin-like DNA-binding protein Dps. However, the observed increased H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    resistance of\n                    <jats:italic>S. gordonii<\/jats:italic>\n                    over\n                    <jats:italic>S. sanguinis<\/jats:italic>\n                    is likely to be caused by an oxidative stress protection machinery present even under anaerobic conditions, while\n                    <jats:italic>S. sanguinis<\/jats:italic>\n                    requires a longer period of time for adaptation. The ability to produce more H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and be more resistant to H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    might aid\n                    <jats:italic>S. gordonii<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the competitive oral biofilm environment, since it is lower in abundance yet manages to survive quite efficiently in the oral biofilm.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.082156-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]],"date-time":"2014-10-03T22:48:01Z","timestamp":1412376481000},"page":"2627-2638","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Comparison of genes required for H2O2 resistance in Streptococcus gordonii and Streptococcus sanguinis"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"160","author":[{"given":"Yifan","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Itzek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Kreth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.145.1.442-451.1981","article-title":"Manganese and defenses against oxygen toxicity in Lactobacillus plantarum.","volume":"145","author":"Archibald","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.031310-0"},{"key":"r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2004.04370.x"},{"key":"r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408419991299211"},{"key":"r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.1987.tb00264.x"},{"key":"r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12625"},{"key":"r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/la202013m"},{"key":"r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4046","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)34683-0","article-title":"Oxygen toxicity in Streptococcus sanguis. 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