{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:41:24Z","timestamp":1791225684089,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>MarA, SoxS and Rob are transcription factors belonging to the AraC family. While these proteins have been associated historically with control of multiple antibiotic resistance, and tolerance to oxidative stress agents and organic solvents, only a paucity of experimental data support a role in regulating virulence. Clinical <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> isolates, and isogenic strains lacking <jats:italic>marA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>soxS<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>rob<\/jats:italic>, were studied in a murine model of ascending pyelonephritis, which is a clinically relevant model of urinary tract infection. Organisms lacking all three transcription factors (triple knockouts) were significantly less virulent than parental strains, and complementation studies demonstrated that the addition of <jats:italic>marA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>soxS<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>rob<\/jats:italic> individually restored wild-type virulence in the triple-knockout strain. Deletion of <jats:italic>soxS<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>rob<\/jats:italic> alone was more detrimental than the removal of <jats:italic>marA<\/jats:italic>. Thus, all three proteins contribute to virulence <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2006\/000604-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,12]],"date-time":"2006-12-12T08:28:10Z","timestamp":1165912090000},"page":"3643-3650","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["MarA, SoxS and Rob function as virulence factors in an Escherichia coli murine model of ascending pyelonephritis"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"152","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Casaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 75 Kneeland Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynne K.","family":"Garrity-Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 75 Kneeland Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"McKenney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 75 Kneeland Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 75 Kneeland Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart B.","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Adaptation Genetics and Drug Resistance, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA"},{"name":"Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 75 Kneeland Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. 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