{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T23:51:26Z","timestamp":1773877886833,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]]},"DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2007\/016162-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,30]],"date-time":"2008-07-30T17:52:27Z","timestamp":1217440347000},"page":"2501-2512","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Intrinsic curvature associated with the coordinately regulated anthrax toxin gene promoters"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Hadjifrangiskou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas \u2013 Houston Health Science Center, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theresa M.","family":"Koehler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas \u2013 Houston Health Science Center, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4734","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.176.15.4734-4741.1994","article-title":"Expression in Bacillus subtilis of the Bacillus thuringiensis cryIIIA toxin gene is not dependent on a sporulation-specific sigma factor and is increased in a spo0A mutant","volume":"176","author":"Agaisse","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R2","volume-title":"Current Protocols in Molecular Biology","author":"Ausubel","year":"1993"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.57.8.2295-2300.1989","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation of the protective antigen gene of Bacillus anthracis","volume":"57","author":"Bartkus","year":"1989","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5333","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M207489200","article-title":"Contribution of DNA conformation and topology in right-handed DNA wrapping by the Bacillus subtilis LrpC protein","volume":"278","author":"Beloin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2736","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.5.2736-2743.2003","article-title":"Global effects of virulence gene regulators in a Bacillus anthracis strain with both virulence plasmids","volume":"71","author":"Bourgogne","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(88)90444-5","article-title":"The intrinsic curvature of DNA in solution","volume":"201","author":"Calladine","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05495.x","article-title":"Regulation of pag gene expression in Bacillus anthracis: use of a pag\u2013 lacZ transcriptional fusion","volume":"98","author":"Cataldi","year":"1992","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16125","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00049a027","article-title":"Anomalous rapid electrophoretic mobility of DNA containing triplet repeats associated with human disease genes","volume":"34","author":"Chastain","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3497","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg500","article-title":"Multiple sequence alignment with the clustal series of programs","volume":"31","author":"Chenna","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02340.x","article-title":"The atxA gene product activates transcription of the anthrax toxin genes and is essential for virulence","volume":"16","author":"Dai","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2816","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.170.6.2816-2826.1988","article-title":"DNA supercoiling and the anaerobic and growth phase regulation of tonB gene expression","volume":"170","author":"Dorman","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3074","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.8.3074","article-title":"Helical repeat and chirality effects on DNA gel electrophoretic mobility","volume":"88","author":"Drak","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.2.307-315.2004","article-title":"atxA controls Bacillus anthracis capsule synthesis via acpA and a newly discovered regulator, acpB","volume":"186","author":"Drysdale","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7600495","article-title":"Capsule synthesis by Bacillus anthracis is required for dissemination in murine inhalation anthrax","volume":"24","author":"Drysdale","year":"2005","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(96)00855-1","article-title":"Correlation of intrinsic DNA curvature with DNA property periodicity","volume":"393","author":"Gabrielian","year":"1996","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.20627","article-title":"Biological consequences of tightly bent DNA: the other life of a macromolecular celebrity","volume":"85","author":"Garcia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biopolymers"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4046","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.81.13.4046","article-title":"Regulation of bacterial DNA supercoiling: plasmid linking numbers vary with growth temperature","volume":"81","author":"Goldstein","year":"1984","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01333-06","article-title":"The alternative sigma factor \u03c3 H is required for toxin gene expression by Bacillus anthracis","volume":"189","author":"Hadjifrangiskou","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.59.070190.003543","article-title":"Sequence-directed curvature of DNA","volume":"59","author":"Hagerman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3682","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bth423","article-title":"CBS Genome Atlas Database: a dynamic storage for bioinformatics results and sequence data","volume":"20","author":"Hallin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1995.0639","article-title":"Adjacent upstream superhelical writhe influences an Escherichia coli promoter as measured by in vivo strength and in vitro open complex formation","volume":"254","author":"Hirota","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4485","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.181.15.4485-4492.1999","article-title":"Autogenous regulation of the Bacillus anthracis pag operon","volume":"181","author":"Hoffmaster","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5690","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00256.x","article-title":"DNA twist, flexibility and transcription of the osmoregulated proU promoter of Salmonella typhimurium","volume":"14","author":"Jordi","year":"1995","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1993.tb00905.x","article-title":"The influence of DNA topology on the environmental regulation of a pH-regulated locus in Salmonella typhimurium","volume":"10","author":"Karem","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(89)90459-9","article-title":"Bending of DNA by gene-regulatory proteins: construction and use of a DNA bending vector","volume":"85","author":"Kim","year":"1989","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.176.3.586-595.1994","article-title":"Regulation of the Bacillus anthracis protective antigen gene: CO2 and a trans-acting element activate transcription from one of two promoters","volume":"176","author":"Koehler","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2006.05.006","article-title":"The architectural role of nucleoid-associated proteins in the organization of bacterial chromatin: a molecular perspective","volume":"156","author":"Luijsterburg","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Struct Biol"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1080\/15257770600684068","article-title":"Structural property of DNA that migrates faster in gel electrophoresis, as deduced by CD spectroscopy","volume":"25","author":"Matsugami","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03345.x","article-title":"A plasmid-encoded regulator couples the synthesis of toxins and surface structures in Bacillus anthracis","volume":"47","author":"Mignot","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"R30","first-page":"352","article-title":"Experiment 48: assay of \u03b2-galactosidase","volume-title":"In Experiments in Molecular Genetics","author":"Miller","year":"1972"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0004(98)01265-1","article-title":"Rod models of DNA: sequence-dependent anisotropic elastic modelling of local bending phenomena","volume":"23","author":"Munteanu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4811","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/26.21.4811","article-title":"Suppression of electrophoretic anomaly of bent DNA segments by the structural property that causes rapid migration","volume":"26","author":"Ohyama","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.173.1.211-219.1991","article-title":"Regulation of proline utilization in Salmonella typhimurium: a membrane-associated dehydrogenase binds DNA in vitro","volume":"173","author":"Ostrovsky de Spicer","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4295","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.9.4295","article-title":"PutA protein, a membrane-associated flavin dehydrogenase, acts as a redox-dependent transcriptional regulator","volume":"90","author":"Ostrovsky de Spicer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90354-F","article-title":"The chromatin-associated protein H-NS interacts with curved DNA to influence DNA topology and gene expression","volume":"71","author":"Owen-Hughes","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.2000.3787","article-title":"A DNA structural atlas for Escherichia coli","volume":"299","author":"Pedersen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.58.2.268-290.1994","article-title":"Promoters responsive to DNA bending: a common theme in prokaryotic gene expression","volume":"58","author":"Perez-Martin","year":"1994a","journal-title":"Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22657","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)31696-4","article-title":"Co-regulation by bent DNA. Functional substitutions of the integration host factor site at \u03c3 54-dependent promoter Pu of the upper-TOL operon by intrinsically curved sequences","volume":"269","author":"Perez-Martin","year":"1994b","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01586","article-title":"The genome sequence of Bacillus anthracis Ames and comparison to closely related bacteria","volume":"423","author":"Read","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0004(00)89117-3","article-title":"Action at a distance: DNA-looping and initiation of transcription","volume":"20","author":"Rippe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.184.2.370-380.2002","article-title":"Control of anthrax toxin gene expression by the transition state regulator abrB","volume":"184","author":"Saile","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R42","volume-title":"Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual","author":"Sambrook","year":"1989"},{"key":"R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9958","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)50185-5","article-title":"Intrinsically bent DNA flanks both sides of an RNA polymerase I transcription start site. Both regions display novel electrophoretic mobility","volume":"267","author":"Schroth","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6299","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00321a002","article-title":"Interstrand psoralen cross-links do not introduce appreciable bends in DNA","volume":"23","author":"Sinden","year":"1984","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5188","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.176.16.5188-5192.1994","article-title":"The three Bacillus anthracis toxin genes are coordinately regulated by bicarbonate and temperature","volume":"176","author":"Sirard","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.27803-0","article-title":"The DNA-binding specificity of the Bacillus anthracis AbrB protein","volume":"151","author":"Strauch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.00839.x","article-title":"PRD \u2013 a protein domain involved in PTS-dependent induction and carbon catabolite repression of catabolic operons in bacteria","volume":"28","author":"St\u00fclke","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.54.1.849","article-title":"Regulation of carbon catabolism in Bacillus species","volume":"54","author":"St\u00fclke","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-17-2-505","article-title":"An agar-diffusion method for titrating Bacillus anthracis immunizing antigen and its application to a study of antigen production","volume":"17","author":"Thorne","year":"1957","journal-title":"J Gen Microbiol"},{"key":"R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05543.x","article-title":"Opposing effects of histidine phosphorylation regulate the AtxA virulence transcription factor in Bacillus anthracis","volume":"63","author":"Tsvetanova","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5329","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.175.17.5329-5338.1993","article-title":"Cloning and characterization of a gene whose product is a trans-activator of anthrax toxin synthesis","volume":"175","author":"Uchida","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(95)61006-5","article-title":"Statistical analysis of DNA duplex structural features","volume":"261","author":"Ulyanov","year":"1995","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"R53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3686","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg559","article-title":"DNA analysis servers: plot.it, bend.it, model.it and IS","volume":"31","author":"Vlahovicek","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"R54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00290685","article-title":"Molecular analysis of the Escherichia coli hns gene encoding a DNA-binding protein, which preferentially recognizes curved DNA sequences","volume":"230","author":"Yamada","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mol Gen Genet"},{"key":"R55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1994.tb01012.x","article-title":"Modulated expression of promoters containing upstream curved DNA sequences by the Escherichia coli nucleoid protein H-NS","volume":"12","author":"Zuber","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/micro\/10.1099\/mic.0.2007\/016162-0?crawler=true","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T03:01:57Z","timestamp":1631588517000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/micro\/10.1099\/mic.0.2007\/016162-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/mic.0.2007\/016162-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1350-0872","1465-2080"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-0872","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-2080","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]]}}}