{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T05:45:09Z","timestamp":1791179109788,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Spores of <jats:italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic>, the causative agent of anthrax, possess an exosporium. As the outer surface layer of these mature spores, the exosporium represents the primary contact surface between the spore and environment\/host and is a site of spore antigens. The exosporium was isolated from the endospores of the <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic> wild-type Ames strain, from a derivative of the Ames strain cured of plasmid pXO2<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>, and from a previously isolated pXO1<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>, pXO2<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> doubly cured strain, <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic> UM23Cl2. The protein profiles of SDS-PAGE-separated exosporium extracts were similar for all three. This suggests that avirulent variants lacking either or both plasmids are realistic models for studying the exosporium from spores of <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>. A number of loosely adsorbed proteins were identified from amino acid sequences determined by either nanospray-MS\/MS or N-terminal sequencing. Salt and detergent washing of the exosporium fragments removed these and revealed proteins that are likely to represent structural\/integral exosporium proteins. Seven proteins were identified in washed exosporium: alanine racemase, inosine hydrolase, ExsF, CotY, ExsY, CotB and a novel protein, named ExsK. CotY, ExsY and CotB are homologues of <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic> outer spore coat proteins, but ExsF and ExsK are specific to <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic> and other members of the <jats:italic>Bacillus cereus<\/jats:italic> group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26681-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,6]],"date-time":"2004-02-06T22:06:59Z","timestamp":1076105219000},"page":"355-363","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":186,"title":["Identification of proteins in the exosporium of Bacillus anthracis"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"150","author":[{"given":"Caroline","family":"Redmond","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Defence Science Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie W. 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