{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T18:14:46Z","timestamp":1790964886517,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Brucella abortus<\/jats:italic>faces iron deprivation in both nature and the host. To overcome this limitation,<jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>secretes the siderophores 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid and brucebactin. A Fur-like protein named Irr has previously been characterized in<jats:italic>B. abortus<\/jats:italic>; this protein is present in the<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>-2 group of<jats:italic>Proteobacteria<\/jats:italic>only, where it negatively regulates haem biosynthesis when iron is scarce. Additional evidence that Irr also regulates the synthesis of both siderophores is presented here. Transcriptional<jats:italic>lacZ<\/jats:italic>fusion and chemical determinations revealed that Irr induced the transcription of the operon involved in the synthesis of the catecholic siderophores, which were consequently secreted under conditions of iron limitation. Irr was able to bind the upstream region of the operon, as shown by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. A<jats:italic>B. abortus irr<\/jats:italic>mutant showed higher intracellular haem content, catalase activity and resistance to hydrogen peroxide than the wild-type strain. The mutation also improved the replication and survival of iron-depleted bacteria within cultured mammalian cells. Although the pathogenesis of<jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>correlates with its ability to replicate intracellularly, pathogenicity was not attenuated when assayed in a murine model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.28782-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,31]],"date-time":"2006-08-31T20:32:03Z","timestamp":1157056323000},"page":"2591-2598","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Irr regulates brucebactin and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid biosynthesis, and is implicated in the oxidative stress resistance and intracellular survival of Brucella abortus"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"152","author":[{"given":"Marcela","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Chascom\u00fas (IIB, INTECH), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas, Universidad Nacional de General San Mart\u00edn (CONICET-UNSAM), San Mart\u00edn 1650, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodolfo A.","family":"Ugalde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Chascom\u00fas (IIB, INTECH), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas, Universidad Nacional de General San Mart\u00edn (CONICET-UNSAM), San Mart\u00edn 1650, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Almir\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Chascom\u00fas (IIB, INTECH), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas, Universidad Nacional de General San Mart\u00edn (CONICET-UNSAM), San Mart\u00edn 1650, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2646","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.6.12b.2646","article-title":"A novel DNA-binding protein with regulatory and protective roles in starved Escherichia coli","volume":"6","author":"Almiro\u0301n","year":"1992","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6225","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.10.6225-6230.2001","article-title":"Ferrochelatase is present in Brucella abortus and is critical for its intracellular survival and virulence","volume":"69","author":"Almiro\u0301n","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","article-title":"Basic local alignment search tool","volume":"215","author":"Altschul","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)50881-X","article-title":"A spectrophotometric method for measuring the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase","volume":"195","author":"Beers","year":"1952","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2615","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.5.2615-2618.1999","article-title":"The siderophore 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid is not required for virulence of Brucella abortus in Balb\/c mice","volume":"67","author":"Bellaire","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.4.1794-1803.2003","article-title":"Genetic organization and iron-responsive regulation of the Brucella abortus 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid biosynthesis operon, a cluster of genes required for wild-type virulence in pregnant cattle","volume":"71","author":"Bellaire","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","article-title":"A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein\u2013dye binding","volume":"72","author":"Bradford","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.00921.x","article-title":"Bacillus subtilis contains multiple Fur homologues: identification of the iron uptake (Fur) and peroxide regulon (PerR) repressors","volume":"29","author":"Bsat","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"R9","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Iron and Infection: Molecular, Physiological and Clinical Aspects","author":"Bullen","year":"1999"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8353","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.12.8353-8361.2005","article-title":"Whole-genome analyses of the speciation events in the pathogenic Brucellae","volume":"73","author":"Chain","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8190","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.18.8190","article-title":"Coordinate regulation of Bacillus subtilis peroxide stress genes by hydrogen peroxide and metal ions","volume":"92","author":"Chen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.221575398","article-title":"The genome sequence of the facultative intracellular pathogen Brucella melitensis","volume":"99","author":"DelVecchio","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.173.3.1145-1150.1991","article-title":"Aerobic growth and respiration of a delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase (hemA) mutant of Bradyrhizobium japonicum","volume":"173","author":"Frustaci","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2004.05.009","article-title":"Role of catalase in the virulence of Brucella melitensis in pregnant goats","volume":"102","author":"Gee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-148-2-353","article-title":"Brucella abortus strain 2308 produces brucebactin, a highly efficient catecholic siderophore","volume":"148","author":"Gonzalez Carrero","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2715","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.8.2715-2726.2005","article-title":"Completion of the genome sequence of Brucella abortus and comparison to the highly similar genomes of Brucella melitensis and Brucella suis","volume":"187","author":"Halling","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21669","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.34.21669","article-title":"The bacterial Irr protein is required for coordination of heme biosynthesis with iron availability","volume":"273","author":"Hamza","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.27744-0","article-title":"Bacillus cereus Fur regulates iron metabolism and is required for full virulence","volume":"151","author":"Harvie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1006\/cimm.1993.1121","article-title":"Iron augments macrophage-mediated killing of Brucella abortus alone and in conjunction with interferon-gamma","volume":"148","author":"Jiang","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5631","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.19.5631-5633.2000","article-title":"Identification of Brucella abortus OxyR and its role in control of catalase expression","volume":"182","author":"Kim","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3861","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.7.3861-3866.2000","article-title":"Regulation of Brucella abortus catalase","volume":"68","author":"Kim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2492","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5462.2492","article-title":"Similar requirements of a plant symbiont and a mammalian pathogen for prolonged intracellular survival","volume":"287","author":"LeVier","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.6.2.137","article-title":"Role of iron in regulation of virulence genes","volume":"6","author":"Litwin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4496","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.60.11.4496-4503.1992","article-title":"Identification of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid as a Brucella abortus siderophore","volume":"60","author":"Lopez-Gon\u0303i","year":"1992","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3427","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.28213-0","article-title":"Dimeric Brucella abortus Irr protein controls its own expression and binds haem","volume":"151","author":"Marti\u0301nez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"R26","volume-title":"A Short Course in Bacterial Genetics","author":"Miller","year":"1992"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13148","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.192319099","article-title":"& 28 other authors","volume":"99","author":"Paulsen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(01)00431-2","article-title":"Interaction between the bacterial iron response regulator and ferrochelatase mediates genetic control of heme biosynthesis","volume":"9","author":"Qi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13056","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.23.13056","article-title":"Heme is an effector molecule for iron-dependent degradation of the bacterial iron response regulator (Irr) protein","volume":"96","author":"Qi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"R30","first-page":"243","article-title":"Iron metabolism in Brucella","volume-title":"Brucella: Molecular and Cellular Biology","author":"Roop","year":"2004"},{"key":"R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.188.2.733-744.2006","article-title":"The Iron control element, acting in positive and negative control of iron-regulated Bradyrhizobium japonicum genes, is a target for the Irr protein","volume":"188","author":"Rudolph","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R32","first-page":"207","article-title":"Molecular basis of Brucella pathogenicity: an update","volume":"12","author":"Sangari","year":"1996","journal-title":"Microbiologia"},{"key":"R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(87)90612-9","article-title":"Universal chemical assay for the detection and determination of siderophores","volume":"160","author":"Schwyn","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7375","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.176.23.7375-7377.1994","article-title":"Brucella abortus catalase is a periplasmic protein lacking a standard signal sequence","volume":"176","author":"Sha","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3109\/10408419009105726","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Brucella","volume":"17","author":"Smith","year":"1990","journal-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(99)00240-3","article-title":"Intracellular lifestyle of Brucella spp. Common genes with other animal pathogens, plant pathogens, and endosymbionts","volume":"1","author":"Ugalde","year":"1999","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6371","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.181.20.6371-6376.1999","article-title":"Campylobacter jejuni contains two fur homologs: characterization of iron-responsive regulation of peroxide stress defense genes by the PerR repressor","volume":"181","author":"van Vliet","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.58.030603.123811","article-title":"Bacterial iron sources: from siderophores to hemophores","volume":"58","author":"Wandersman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/micro\/10.1099\/mic.0.28782-0?crawler=true","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T01:56:53Z","timestamp":1627783013000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/micro\/10.1099\/mic.0.28782-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/mic.0.28782-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1350-0872","1465-2080"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1350-0872","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-2080","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]]}}}