{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T22:05:00Z","timestamp":1794002700767,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In sheep, susceptibility to scrapie is mainly influenced by polymorphisms of the <jats:italic>PrP<\/jats:italic> gene. In goats, there are to date few data related to scrapie susceptibility association with <jats:italic>PrP<\/jats:italic> gene polymorphisms. In this study, we first investigated <jats:italic>PrP<\/jats:italic> gene polymorphisms of the French Alpine and Saanen breeds. Based on <jats:italic>PrP<\/jats:italic> gene open reading frame sequencing of artificial insemination bucks (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=404), six encoding mutations were identified at codons 127, 142, 154, 211, 222 and 240. However, only seven haplotypes could be detected: four (GIH<jats:sub>154<\/jats:sub>RQS, GIRQ<jats:sub>211<\/jats:sub>QS, GIRRK<jats:sub>222<\/jats:sub>S and GIRRQP<jats:sub>240<\/jats:sub>) derived from the wild-type allele (G<jats:sub>127<\/jats:sub>I<jats:sub>142<\/jats:sub>R<jats:sub>154<\/jats:sub>R<jats:sub>211<\/jats:sub>Q<jats:sub>222<\/jats:sub>S<jats:sub>240<\/jats:sub>) by a single-codon mutation, and two (S<jats:sub>127<\/jats:sub>IRRQP<jats:sub>240<\/jats:sub> and GM<jats:sub>142<\/jats:sub>RRQP<jats:sub>240<\/jats:sub>) by a double-codon mutation. A case\u2013control study was then implemented in a highly affected Alpine and Saanen breed herd (90 cases\/164 controls). Mutations at codon 142 (I\/M), 154 (R\/H), 211 (R\/Q) and 222 (Q\/K) were found to induce a significant degree of protection towards natural scrapie infection. Compared with the baseline homozygote wild-type genotype I<jats:sub>142<\/jats:sub>R<jats:sub>154<\/jats:sub>R<jats:sub>211<\/jats:sub>Q<jats:sub>222<\/jats:sub>\/IRRQ goats, the odds of scrapie cases in IRQ<jats:sub>211<\/jats:sub>Q\/IRRQ and IRRK<jats:sub>222<\/jats:sub>\/IRRQ heterozygous animals were significantly lower [odds ratio (OR)=0.133, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.0001; and OR=0.048, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.0001, respectively]. The heterozygote M<jats:sub>142<\/jats:sub>RRQ\/IRRQ genotype was only protective (OR=0.243, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.0186) in goats also PP<jats:sub>240<\/jats:sub> homozygous at codon 240. However, mutated allele frequencies in French Alpine and Saanen breeds were low (0.5\u201318.5\u200a%), which prevent us from assessing the influence of all the possible genotypes in natural exposure conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.006114-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,13]],"date-time":"2009-02-13T02:10:33Z","timestamp":1234491033000},"page":"769-776","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Identification of seven haplotypes of the caprine PrP gene at codons 127, 142, 154, 211, 222 and 240 in French Alpine and Saanen breeds and their association with classical scrapie"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"Barillet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INRA, UR 631, Station d'am\u00e9lioration g\u00e9n\u00e9tique des animaux, BP 52627, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Mariat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRA, UR 339, Laboratoire de g\u00e9n\u00e9tique biochimique et cytog\u00e9n\u00e9tique, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Amigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GIE Labogena, Domaine de Vilvert, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Faugeras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GIE Labogena, Domaine de Vilvert, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Caillat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRA, UR 631, Station d'am\u00e9lioration g\u00e9n\u00e9tique des animaux, BP 52627, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Moazami-Goudarzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRA, UR 339, Laboratoire de g\u00e9n\u00e9tique biochimique et cytog\u00e9n\u00e9tique, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Rupp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRA, UR 631, Station d'am\u00e9lioration g\u00e9n\u00e9tique des animaux, BP 52627, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. M.","family":"Babilliot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GIE Labogena, Domaine de Vilvert, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Lacroux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRA, UMR 1225, Interactions H\u00f4tes Agents Pathog\u00e8nes, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de Toulouse, 23 chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Lugan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRA, UMR 1225, Interactions H\u00f4tes Agents Pathog\u00e8nes, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de Toulouse, 23 chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Schelcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRA, UMR 1225, Interactions H\u00f4tes Agents Pathog\u00e8nes, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de Toulouse, 23 chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Chartier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AFSSA-Niort, Laboratoire d'\u00e9tudes et de recherches caprines, BP 3081, 79012 Niort Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Corbi\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRA, UMR 1225, Interactions H\u00f4tes Agents Pathog\u00e8nes, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de Toulouse, 23 chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Andr\u00e9oletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRA, UMR 1225, Interactions H\u00f4tes Agents Pathog\u00e8nes, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de Toulouse, 23 chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Perrin-Chauvineau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AFSSA-Niort, Laboratoire d'\u00e9tudes et de recherches caprines, BP 3081, 79012 Niort Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81440-0","article-title":"Identification of prion protein gene polymorphisms in goats from Italian scrapie outbreaks","volume":"87","author":"Acutis","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2007.03703.x","article-title":"Genetic variability of the PRNP gene in goat breeds from Northern and Southern Italy","volume":"104","author":"Acutis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VERC.0000014115.18327.26","article-title":"Animal transmissible spongiform encephalopathies and genetics","volume":"27","author":"Agrimi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet Res Commun"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1177\/002215540205001009","article-title":"Phenotyping of protein\u2013prion (PrPsc)-accumulating cells in lymphoid and neural tissues of naturally scrapie-affected sheep by double-labeling immunohistochemistry","volume":"50","author":"Andr\u00e9olletti","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1301.060393","article-title":"Similar biochemical signatures and prion protein genotypes in atypical scrapie and Nor98 cases","volume":"13","author":"Arsac","year":"2007","journal-title":"France and Norway. Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2007.01.004","article-title":"Genetic improvement for dairy production in sheep and goats","volume":"70","author":"Barillet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Small Ruminant Research"},{"key":"R7","article-title":"Breeding for scrapie resistance using PrP genotyping in the French dairy sheep breeds","author":"Barillet","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. 7th WCGALP"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524043360672","article-title":"The genetics of scrapie in sheep and goats","volume":"4","author":"Baylis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Mol Med"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.79876-0","article-title":"Risk of scrapie in British sheep of different prion protein genotype","volume":"85","author":"Baylis","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-83-3-713","article-title":"Prion protein gene polymorphisms in natural goat scrapie","volume":"83","author":"Billinis","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"R11","first-page":"p","article-title":"Proposal of the STREP goat BSE, European Contract FOOD-CT-2006-36353: Proposal for Improvement of Goat TSE Discriminative Diagnosis and Susceptibility Based Assessment of BSE","author":"Bossers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infectivity in Goat Milk and Meat"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81981-0","article-title":"Advanced survival models for risk-factor analysis in scrapie","volume":"88","author":"Corbi\u00e8re","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s007050050516","article-title":"Genetic susceptibility and transmission factors in scrapie: detailed analysis of an epidemic in a closed flock of Romanov","volume":"144","author":"Elsen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"R14","first-page":"921","article-title":"Maximum-likelihood estimation of molecular haplotype frequencies in a diploid population","volume":"12","author":"Excoffier","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"R15","volume-title":"Arlequin version 3.01: an Integrated Software Package for Population Genetics Data Analysis","author":"Excoffier","year":"2006"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2008010","article-title":"PrP genetics in ruminant transmissible spongiform encephalopathies","volume":"39","author":"Goldmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2885","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-77-11-2885","article-title":"Novel polymorphism in the caprine PrP gene: a codon 142 mutation associated with scrapie incubation period","volume":"77","author":"Goldmann","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3173","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-79-12-3173","article-title":"The shortest known prion protein gene allele occurs in goats, has only three octapeptide repeats and is non-pathogenic","volume":"79","author":"Goldmann","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.155.6.177","article-title":"Genetic variability of the PrP gene in goat herd in the UK","volume":"155","author":"Goldmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01718157","article-title":"Natural scrapie in a closed flock of Cheviot sheep occurs only in specific PrP genotypes","volume":"141","author":"Hunter","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.67.321","article-title":"Polymorphisms of caprine PrP gene detected in Japan","volume":"67","author":"Kurosaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80437-0","article-title":"Polymorphisms at codons 141 and 154 in the ovine prion protein gene are associated with scrapie Nor98 cases","volume":"86","author":"Moum","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2005.09.013","article-title":"Novel polymorphisms at codons 146 and 151 in the prion protein gene of Cyprus goats, and their association with natural scrapie","volume":"173","author":"Papasavva-Stylianou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"R24","volume-title":"SAS OnlineDoc, version 9.1","year":"1999"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870701900102","article-title":"Atypical scrapie in a swiss goat and implications for transmissible spongiform encephalopathy surveillance","volume":"19","author":"Seuberlich","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410430618","article-title":"Codon 219 Lys allele of PRNP is not found in sporadic Creutzfeldt\u2013Jacob disease","volume":"43","author":"Shibuya","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.158.2.43","article-title":"Estimation of the relative risk of developing clinical scrapie: the role of prion protein (PrP) genotype and selection bias","volume":"158","author":"Tongue","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81485-0","article-title":"Identification of an allelic variant of the goat PrP gene associated with resistance to scrapie","volume":"87","author":"Vaccari","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2052.2004.01204.x","article-title":"PRNP polymorphisms in Chinese ovine, caprine and bovine breeds","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anim Genet"}],"container-title":["Journal of General Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jgv\/10.1099\/vir.0.006114-0?crawler=true","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T14:48:27Z","timestamp":1603810107000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jgv\/10.1099\/vir.0.006114-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/vir.0.006114-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1317","1465-2099"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1317","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-2099","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]]}}}