{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T21:14:22Z","timestamp":1791321262585,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Avian hepevirus infections were detected in chickens suffering from big liver and spleen disease or hepatitis\u2013splenomegaly syndrome in Australia, the USA and Europe. Available data indicate their genetic relationship to mammalian hepatitis E virus (HEV). In the present study, the near-complete genomic sequences of an Australian and a European isolate of avian hepatitis E virus (avian HEV) are reported for the first time. Furthermore, the phylogenetic relationship to other avian HEVs is determined. Sequence analyses of these isolates identified major genetic differences among avian HEVs. Most of them are located within the open reading frame (ORF)1 region, although only a few lie within conserved motifs of predicted domains. Non-silent mutations in the ORF2 region suggest the presence of potentially different epitopes among avian HEV isolates. Finally, phylogenetic analysis confirmed the distant relationship to mammalian HEV and additionally suggested that the avian HEVs can be separated into three different genotypes: 1 (Australia), 2 (USA) and 3 (Europe), indicating a geographical distribution pattern.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.007179-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,10]],"date-time":"2009-03-10T18:38:47Z","timestamp":1236710327000},"page":"863-873","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Sequence analysis and comparison of avian hepatitis E viruses from Australia and Europe indicate the existence of different genotypes"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Ivana","family":"Bilic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Avian, Reptile and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Jaskulska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Avian, Reptile and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Basic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Avian, Reptile and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris J.","family":"Morrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioproperties Ltd, Ringwood, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Hess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Avian, Reptile and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450600920976","article-title":"Avian hepatitis E virus in an outbreak of hepatitis\u2013splenomegaly syndrome and fatty liver haemorrhage syndrome in two flaxseed-fed layer flocks in Ontario","volume":"35","author":"Agunos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890320110","article-title":"Brief report: experimental hepatitis E infection in domestic pigs","volume":"32","author":"Balayan","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.82754-0","article-title":"Analysis of the complete genomic sequence of an apparently avirulent strain of avian hepatitis E virus (avian HEV) identified major genetic differences compared with the prototype pathogenic strain of avian HEV","volume":"88","author":"Billam","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(87)90021-2","article-title":"Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate\u2013phenol\u2013chloroform extraction","volume":"162","author":"Chomczynski","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1995.53.228","article-title":"Detection of hepatitis E virus infections among domestic swine in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal","volume":"53","author":"Clayson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R6","first-page":"853","article-title":"Genus Hepevirus","volume-title":"Virus Taxonomy: Eighth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses","author":"Emerson","year":"2004"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81545-0","article-title":"Putative neutralization epitopes and broad cross-genotype neutralization of hepatitis E virus confirmed by a quantitative cell-culture assay","volume":"87","author":"Emerson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"R8","volume-title":"phylip (phylogeny inference package). 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