{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T18:00:10Z","timestamp":1775152810676,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluated four polymorphisms located in the DC-SIGN (<jats:italic>CD209<\/jats:italic>) gene promoter region (positions \u2212336, \u2212332 \u2212201 and \u2212139) in DNA samples from four Brazilian ethnic groups (Caucasians, Afro-Brazilian, Asians and Amerindians) to establish the population distribution of these single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and correlated DC-SIGN polymorphisms and infection in samples from human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-infected individuals. To identify<jats:italic>CD209<\/jats:italic>SNPs, 452\u2005bp of the<jats:italic>CD209<\/jats:italic>promoter region were sequenced and the genotype and allelic frequencies were evaluated. This is the first study to show genetic polymorphism in the<jats:italic>CD209<\/jats:italic>gene in distinct Brazilian ethnic groups with the distribution of allelic and genotypic frequency. The results showed that \u2212336A and \u2212139A SNPs were quite common in Asians and that the \u2212201T allele was not observed in Caucasians, Asians or Amerindians. No significant differences were observed between individuals with HTLV-1 disease and asymptomatic patients. However, the \u2212336A variant was more frequent in HTLV-1-infected patients [HTLV-1-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM\/TSP), 80\u200a%; healthy asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers, 90\u200a%] than in the control group (70\u200a%) [<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.0197, odds ratio (OR)=2.511, 95\u200a% confidence interval (CI)=1.218\u20135.179). In addition, the \u2212139A allele was found to be associated with protection against HTLV-1 infection (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.0037, OR=0.3758, 95\u200a% CI=0.1954\u20130.7229) when the HTLV-1-infected patients as a whole were compared with the healthy-control group. These observations suggest that the \u2212139A allele may be associated with HTLV-1 infection, although no significant association was observed among asymptomatic and HAM\/TSP patients. In conclusion, the variation observed in SNPs \u2212336 and \u2212139 indicates that this lectin may be of crucial importance in the susceptibility\/transmission of HTLV-1 infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.008367-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,10]],"date-time":"2009-03-10T18:38:47Z","timestamp":1236710327000},"page":"927-934","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["DC-SIGN (CD209) gene promoter polymorphisms in a Brazilian population and their association with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Simone","family":"Kashima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Regional Blood Center of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evandra 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