{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:21:30Z","timestamp":1790875290591,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>It has previously been shown that three amino acid changes, one each in the fusion (F; Ala\/Thr-91\u2192Thr), haemagglutinin\u2013neuraminidase (HN; Ser-466\u2192Asn) and polymerase (L; Ile-736\u2192Val) proteins, are associated with attenuation of a neurovirulent clinical isolate of mumps virus (88-1961) following serial passage <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Here, using full-length cDNA plasmid clones and site-directed mutagenesis, it was shown that the single amino acid change in the HN protein and to a lesser extent, the change in the L protein, resulted in neuroattenuation, as assessed in rats. The combination of both amino acid changes caused neuroattenuation of the virus to levels previously reported for the clinical isolate following attenuation <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. The amino acid change in the F protein, despite having a dramatic effect on protein function <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, was previously shown to not be involved in the observed neuroattenuation, highlighting the importance of conducting confirmatory <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> studies. This report provides additional supporting evidence for the role of the HN protein as a virulence factor and, as far as is known, is the first report to associate an amino acid change in the L protein with mumps virus neuroattenuation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.009449-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,17]],"date-time":"2009-06-17T18:24:34Z","timestamp":1245263074000},"page":"1741-1747","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Single amino acid changes in the mumps virus haemagglutinin\u2013neuraminidase and polymerase proteins are associated with neuroattenuation"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Tahir H.","family":"Malik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"DVP\/Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Candie","family":"Wolbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DVP\/Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Nerret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DVP\/Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Sauder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DVP\/Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DVP\/Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/47.4.243","article-title":"Long-term neurological outcome of acute encephalitis","volume":"47","author":"Aygun","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1943.tb09179.x","article-title":"Involvement of the central nervous system in mumps","volume":"113","author":"Bang","year":"1943","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7073","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.14.7073-7081.2002","article-title":"Activity of polymerase proteins of vaccine and wild-type measles virus strains in a minigenome replication assay","volume":"76","author":"Bankamp","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410160304","article-title":"Encephalitis and aseptic meningitis, Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1950\u20131981: I. 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