{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:42:52Z","timestamp":1791286972317,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>During investigations into the outbreak of encephalitis in 1996 in the Kerala state in India, an arbovirus was isolated from a <jats:italic>Culex tritaeniorhynchus<\/jats:italic> mosquito pool. It was characterized as a Japanese encephalitis and West Nile virus cross-reactive arbovirus by complement fixation test. A plaque reduction\u2013neutralization test was performed using hyperimmune sera raised against the plaque-purified arbovirus isolate. The sera did not show reactivity with Japanese encephalitis virus and were weakly reactive with West Nile virus. Complete open reading frame sequence analysis characterized the arbovirus as Bagaza virus (BAGV), with 94.80\u200a% nucleotide identity with African BAGV strain DakAr B209. Sera collected from the encephalitic patients during the acute phase of illness showed 15\u200a% (8\/53) positivity for anti-BAGV neutralizing antibodies. This is the first report of the isolation of BAGV from India. The presence of anti-BAGV neutralizing antibodies suggests that the human population has been exposed to BAGV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.012336-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,9]],"date-time":"2009-10-09T18:48:59Z","timestamp":1255114139000},"page":"2644-2649","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Genetic characterization of Bagaza virus (BAGV) isolated in India and evidence of anti-BAGV antibodies in sera collected from encephalitis patients"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Vijay P.","family":"Bondre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Virology, Pashan, Pune 411 021, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gajanan N.","family":"Sapkal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Virology, Pashan, Pune 411 021, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasanna N.","family":"Yergolkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Virology, Bangalore Field Unit, Bangalore, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradip V.","family":"Fulmali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Virology, Pashan, Pune 411 021, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasudha","family":"Sankararaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Virology, Pashan, Pune 411 021, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijay M.","family":"Ayachit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Virology, Pashan, Pune 411 021, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akhilesh C.","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Virology, Pashan, Pune 411 021, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milind M.","family":"Gore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Virology, Pashan, Pune 411 021, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.82403-0","article-title":"West Nile virus isolates from India: evidence for a distinct genetic lineage","volume":"88","author":"Bondre","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.23.2.1505","article-title":"Epidemiological processes involved in the emergence of vector-borne diseases: West Nile fever, Rift Valley fever, Japanese encephalitis and Crimean\u2013Congo haemorrhagic fever","volume":"23","author":"Chevalier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev Sci Tech"},{"key":"R3","first-page":"389","article-title":"Strain analysis and epitope mapping of West Nile virus using monoclonal antibodies","volume":"42","author":"Damle","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Virol"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0269-283X.2005.00564.x","article-title":"Mosquito vectors of the 1998\u20131999 outbreak of Rift Valley Fever and other arboviruses (Bagaza, Sanar","volume":"19","author":"Diallo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Wesselsbron and West Nile) in Mauritania and Senegal. 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