{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T23:52:47Z","timestamp":1790466767618,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The linear haemagglutinin noose epitope (HNE; aa 379\u2013410) is a protective B-cell epitope and considered to be highly conserved in both the vaccine and the wild-type measles virus (MeV) haemagglutinin (H) proteins. Vaccine virus-derived monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) BH6 and BH216, which target the HNE, neutralized MeVs of genotypes B3, C2, D4, D5, D6, D7 and D8, and the vaccine strain Edmonston Zagreb. In the case of genotype H1, only strain <jats:italic>Berlin.DEU\/44.01<\/jats:italic> was neutralized by these mAbs, whereas strains <jats:italic>Shenyang.CHN\/22.99<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Sofia.BGR\/19.05<\/jats:italic> were not. The <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic> gene sequences of these two strains showed an exchange of proline 397 (P397) to leucine (L397). Mutated H proteins, with P397 exchanged to L and vice versa, were compared with original H proteins by indirect fluorescence assay. H proteins exhibiting P397 but not those with L397 were recognized by BH6 and BH216. This indicates that L397 leads to the loss of the neutralizing HNE. In contrast, human sera obtained from vaccinees (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=10) did not discriminate between genotype H1 variants P397 and L397. This concurs with the epidemiological observation that the live-attenuated vaccine protects against both H1 variants. Furthermore, we demonstrated that MeVs of genotype H1 also lack the neutralizing epitopes defined by the vaccine virus-induced mAbs BH15, BH125 and BH47. The loss of several neutralizing epitopes, as shown for H1 viruses currently circulating endemically in Asia, implies that epitope monitoring should be considered to be included in measles surveillance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.013524-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,9]],"date-time":"2009-10-09T18:48:59Z","timestamp":1255114139000},"page":"2739-2745","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Measles viruses of genotype H1 evade recognition by vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies targeting the linear haemagglutinin noose epitope"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Tim","family":"Finsterbusch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Centre Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Division of Viral Infections (FG12), Robert Koch-Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Wolbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Centre Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Division of Viral Infections (FG12), Robert Koch-Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Deitemeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Centre Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Division of Viral Infections (FG12), Robert Koch-Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Centre Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Division of Viral Infections (FG12), Robert Koch-Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Mar","family":"Mosquera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Nacional de Microbiolog\u00eda, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Mankertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Centre Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Division of Viral Infections (FG12), Robert Koch-Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Santibanez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Centre Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Division of Viral Infections (FG12), Robert Koch-Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"R1","first-page":"348","article-title":"Analysis of genetic characteristics of wild-type measles viruses in Jilin Province 2005","volume":"40","author":"Bian","year":"2006","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1089\/088282402760312331","article-title":"Neutralizing B cell response in measles","volume":"15","author":"Bouche","year":"2002","journal-title":"Viral Immunol"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00747-8","article-title":"Neutralising immunogenicity of a polyepitope antigen expressed in a transgenic food plant: a novel antigen to protect against measles","volume":"21","author":"Bouche","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.01.011","article-title":"Induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies against measles virus mutants using a polyepitope vaccine strategy","volume":"23","author":"Bouche","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2007.08.021","article-title":"An indirect immunocolorimetric assay to detect rubella virus infected cells","volume":"146","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11547","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.17.11547-11551.2005","article-title":"Relative contributions of measles virus hemagglutinin- and fusion protein-specific serum antibodies to virus neutralization","volume":"79","author":"de Swart","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12661-X","article-title":"Measles: not just another viral exanthem","volume":"361","author":"Duke","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-81-3-729","article-title":"Neutralization of measles virus wild-type isolates after immunization with a synthetic peptide vaccine which is not recognized by neutralizing passive antibodies","volume":"81","author":"El Kasmi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4499","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.10.4499-4505.2001","article-title":"CD150 (SLAM) is a receptor for measles virus but is not involved in viral contact-mediated proliferation inhibition","volume":"75","author":"Erlenhoefer","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-003-0159-9","article-title":"Immunodominant domains of the measles virus hemagglutinin protein eliciting a neutralizing human B cell response","volume":"148","author":"Ertl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-78-6-1295","article-title":"Antibodies to a new linear site at the topographical or functional interface between the haemagglutinin and fusion proteins protect against measles encephalitis","volume":"78","author":"Fournier","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1702(01)00268-4","article-title":"Genetic characterization of contemporary wild-type measles viruses from Vietnam and the People's Republic of China: identification of two genotypes within clade H","volume":"77","author":"Liffick","year":"2001","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10444","article-title":"Genetic and antigenic characterization of measles viruses that circulated in Korea during the 2000\u20132001 epidemic","volume":"70","author":"Na","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-002-0206-6","article-title":"Current status of measles in Japan","volume":"9","author":"Nakayama","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1033.2003.03517.x","article-title":"Functional fine-mapping and molecular modeling of a conserved loop epitope of the measles virus hemagglutinin protein","volume":"270","author":"Putz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"R16","volume-title":"Molecular Cloning, a Laboratory Manual","author":"Sambrook","year":"2001"},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80467-0","article-title":"Probing neutralizing-antibody responses against emerging measles viruses (MVs): immune selection of MV by H protein-specific antibodies?","volume":"86","author":"Santibanez","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2006.12.017","article-title":"Vaccinated students with negative enzyme immunoassay results show positive measles virus-specific antibody levels by immunofluorescence and plaque neutralisation tests","volume":"38","author":"Tischer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"R19","first-page":"448","article-title":"Analysis of an adult measles outbreak in the eastern part of Ehime prefecture in Japan","volume":"53","author":"Tomita","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi"},{"key":"R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1702(98)00020-3","article-title":"New genetic group of measles virus isolated in the People's Republic of China","volume":"54","author":"Xu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31805ce299","article-title":"Analysis of the cause of increased measles incidence in Xinjiang, China in 2004","volume":"26","author":"Yu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-5-120","article-title":"Genetic characterization of measles viruses in China, 2004","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6644","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.11.6644-6654.2005","article-title":"Influenza type A virus escape mutants emerge in vivo in the presence of antibodies to the ectodomain of matrix protein 2","volume":"79","author":"Zharikova","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10443","article-title":"H1 genotype of measles virus was detected in outbreaks in Japan after 2000","volume":"70","author":"Zhou","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-77-10-2479","article-title":"Protection against measles virus encephalitis by monoclonal antibodies binding to a cystine loop domain of the H protein mimicked by peptides which are not recognized by maternal antibodies","volume":"77","author":"Ziegler","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"}],"container-title":["Journal of General Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jgv\/10.1099\/vir.0.013524-0?crawler=true","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T14:31:02Z","timestamp":1603809062000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.microbiologyresearch.org\/content\/journal\/jgv\/10.1099\/vir.0.013524-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/vir.0.013524-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1317","1465-2099"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1317","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-2099","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,1]]}}}