{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T06:24:17Z","timestamp":1789885457314,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The endodomain of several coronavirus (CoV) spike (S) proteins contains palmitylated cysteine residues and enables co-localization and interaction with the CoV membrane (M) protein. Depalmitylation of mouse hepatitis virus S proteins abolished this interaction, resulting in the failure of S incorporation into virions. In contrast, an immunofluorescence assay (IFA) showed that depalmitylated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SCoV) S proteins still co-localized with the M protein in the budding site. Here, we determined the ability of depalmitylated SCoV S mutants to incorporate S into virus-like particles (VLPs). IFA confirmed that all SCoV S mutants co-localized with the M protein intracellularly. However, the mutants lacking two cysteine residues (C<jats:sup>1234\/1235<\/jats:sup>) failed to incorporate S into VLPs. This indicated that these palmitylated cysteines are essential for S incorporation, but are not involved in S co-localization mediated by the M protein. Our findings suggest that M\u2013S co-localization and S incorporation occur independently of one another in SCoV virion assembly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.038091-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,12]],"date-time":"2012-01-12T04:10:41Z","timestamp":1326341441000},"page":"823-828","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Two palmitylated cysteine residues of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike (S) protein are critical for S incorporation into virus-like particles, but not for M\u2013S co-localization"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Makoto","family":"Ujike","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology and Viral Infections, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, 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