{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T06:11:03Z","timestamp":1789193463614,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is a mosquito-borne RNA virus of the genus<jats:italic>Alphavirus<\/jats:italic>, family<jats:italic>Togaviridae<\/jats:italic>, that is responsible for sporadic outbreaks in human and equid populations in Central and South America. In order to ascertain the role that complement plays in resolving VEEV-induced disease, complement-deficient C3<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice were infected with a VEEV mutant (V3533) that caused mild, transient disease in immunocompetent mice. In the absence of a functional complement system, peripheral inoculation with V3533 induced much more severe encephalitis. This enhanced pathology was associated with a delay in clearance of infectious virus from the serum and more rapid invasion of the central nervous system in C3<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice. If V3533 was inoculated directly into the brain, however, disease outcome in C3<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>and wild-type mice was identical. These findings indicate that complement-dependent enhancement of peripheral virus clearance is critical for protecting against the development of severe VEEV-induced encephalitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.038281-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,29]],"date-time":"2011-12-29T02:55:15Z","timestamp":1325127315000},"page":"797-806","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Early activation of the host complement system is required to restrict central nervous system invasion and limit neuropathology during Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infection"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Christopher B.","family":"Brooke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carolina Vaccine Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, 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