{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T10:09:36Z","timestamp":1780394976920,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>As the only prion disease affecting free-ranging animals, ante-mortem identification of affected cervids has become paramount in understanding chronic wasting disease (CWD) pathogenesis, prevalence and control of horizontal or vertical transmission. To seek maximal sensitivity in ante-mortem detection of CWD infection, this study used paired tonsil biopsy samples collected at various time points from 48 CWD-exposed cervids to compare blinded serial protein misfolding cyclic amplification (sPMCA) with the assay long considered the \u2018gold standard\u2019 for CWD detection, immunohistochemistry (IHC). sPMCA-negative controls (34\u200a% of the samples evaluated) included tissues from mock-inoculated animals and unspiked negative controls, all of which tested negative throughout the course of the study. It was found that sPMCA on tonsil biopsies detected CWD infection significantly earlier (2.78 months, 95\u200a% confidence interval 2.40\u20133.15) than conventional IHC. Interestingly, a correlation was observed between early detection by sPMCA and host <jats:italic>PRNP<\/jats:italic> genotype. These findings demonstrate that <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>-amplification assays provide enhanced sensitivity and advanced detection of CWD infection in the peripheral tissues of cervids, with a potential role for spike or substrate genotype in sPMCA amplification efficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.039073-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,26]],"date-time":"2012-01-26T06:15:01Z","timestamp":1327558501000},"page":"1141-1150","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Sensitivity of protein misfolding cyclic amplification versus immunohistochemistry in ante-mortem detection of chronic wasting disease"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Haley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Candace K.","family":"Mathiason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Carver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenn C.","family":"Telling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark D.","family":"Zabel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward A.","family":"Hoover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019896"},{"key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1505.081458"},{"key":"r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth1066"},{"key":"r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth0308-211"},{"key":"r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.23.13345-13350.2004"},{"key":"r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00241-11"},{"key":"r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1286","article-title":"Detection of prions in blood","volume":"11","author":"Castilla","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b1442"},{"key":"r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.70.1.63"},{"key":"r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17143-2"},{"key":"r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.158.10.325"},{"key":"r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05579-11","article-title":"The oral secretion of infectious scrapie prions occurs in preclinical sheep with a range of PRNP genotypes","volume":"86","author":"Gough","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007990"},{"key":"r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004848"},{"key":"r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00425-11"},{"key":"r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870301500402"},{"key":"r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)24002-X"},{"key":"r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)12075-5"},{"key":"r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.141.6.137"},{"key":"r20","article-title":"Chronic wasting disease, cervids \u2013 USA (03): (Missouri)","year":"2010"},{"key":"r21","article-title":"Chronic wasting disease, cervid - 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