{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T23:20:54Z","timestamp":1785799254140,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Human parechoviruses (HPeVs) are picornaviruses frequently infecting humans. While HPeV1 is associated with mild disease, HPeV3 is the cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. To test whether <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> replication kinetics of HPeV1 and HPeV3 could be related to pathogenicity, HPeV1 and HPeV3 strains isolated from patients were cultured on cell lines of gastrointestinal, respiratory and neural origin, and replication kinetics were measured by real-time PCR. No relationship was found between clinical symptoms and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> replication of the HPeV1 strains. In contrast, the HPeV3 strains showed faster replication in neural cells and there was a relationship between higher <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> replication kinetics and neuropathogenicity in the patient. Furthermore, HPeV1 could be neutralized efficiently by its specific antibody and by intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG), while most HPeV3 strains could not be neutralized. In IVIG, very low neutralizing antibody (nAb) titres against HPeV3 were found. Additionally, very low nAb titres were observed in sera of two HPeV3-infected donors, while high nAb titres against HPeV1 could be detected. Our data suggest that the mild clinical course of HPeV1 infection is primarily influenced by strong nAb responses, while HPeV3 might be difficult to neutralize <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> and therefore the course of infection will mainly be determined by <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> cell tropism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.043323-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,27]],"date-time":"2012-07-27T07:43:43Z","timestamp":1343375023000},"page":"2363-2370","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Specific cell tropism and neutralization of human parechovirus types 1 and 3: implications for pathogenesis and therapy development"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Brenda M.","family":"Westerhuis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerrit","family":"Koen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne G.","family":"Wildenbeest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emma Children\u2019s Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dasja","family":"Pajkrt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emma Children\u2019s Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menno D.","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberley S. 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