{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T11:25:28Z","timestamp":1761823528462},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Microbiology Society","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>European bat lyssaviruses type 1 (EBLV-1) and type 2 (EBLV-2) circulate within bat populations throughout Europe and are capable of causing disease indistinguishable from that caused by classical rabies virus (RABV). However, the determinants of viral fitness and pathogenicity are poorly understood. Full-length genome clones based on the highly attenuated, non-neuroinvasive, RABV vaccine strain (SAD-B19) were constructed with the glycoprotein (G) of either SAD-B19 (SN), of EBLV-1 (SN-1) or EBLV-2 (SN-2). <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> characterization of SN-1 and SN-2 in comparison to wild-type EBLVs demonstrated that the substitution of G affected the final virus titre and antigenicity. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>, following peripheral infection with a high viral dose (10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> f.f.u.), animals infected with SN-1 had reduced survivorship relative to infection with SN, resulting in survivorship similar to animals infected with EBLV-1. The histopathological changes and antigen distribution observed for SN-1 were more representative of those observed with SN than with EBLV-1. EBLV-2 was unable to achieve a titre equivalent to that of the other viruses. Therefore, a reduced-dose experiment (10<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> f.f.u.) was undertaken <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> to compare EBLV-2 and SN-2, which resulted in 100\u200a% survivorship for all recombinant viruses (SN, SN-1 and SN-2) while clinical disease developed in mice infected with the EBLVs. These data indicate that interspecies replacement of G has an effect on virus titre <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, probably as a result of suboptimal G\u2013matrix protein interactions, and influences the survival outcome following a peripheral challenge with a high virus titre in mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.048827-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,25]],"date-time":"2012-10-25T03:58:06Z","timestamp":1351137486000},"page":"284-292","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Interspecies protein substitution to investigate the role of the lyssavirus glycoprotein"],"prefix":"10.1099","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Denise A.","family":"Marston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorraine M.","family":"McElhinney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Liverpool, National Consortium for Zoonosis Research, Leahurst, Neston, South Wirral, CH64 7TE, UK"},{"name":"Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashley C.","family":"Banyard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel L.","family":"Horton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin L.","family":"Koser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jefferson Vaccine Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias J.","family":"Schnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jefferson Vaccine Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony R.","family":"Fooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Liverpool, National Consortium for Zoonosis Research, Leahurst, Neston, South Wirral, CH64 7TE, UK"},{"name":"Wildlife Zoonoses and Vector-borne Diseases Research Group, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"345","reference":[{"key":"r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-78-9-2319","article-title":"Evolution of European bat lyssaviruses","volume":"78","author":"Amengual","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00558-11"},{"key":"r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1104.040920"},{"key":"r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.1.251-259.1999","article-title":"Generation of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) from cDNA: BRSV NS2 is not essential for virus replication in tissue culture, and the human RSV leader region acts as a functional BRSV genome promoter","volume":"73","author":"Buchholz","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.08.069"},{"key":"r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(97)00212-3"},{"key":"r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.16.3.754-759.1977","article-title":"Rabies virus glycoprotein. 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